課程名稱︰英語語音學(含發音練習)一
課程性質︰外文系選修
課程教師︰史嘉琳
考試日期（年月日）︰2007/11/21
考試時限（分鐘）：60分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Give short and precise answers to the following items.
1. What kind of transcription is one that
(a) indicates only sound that make a difference in the meaning of a word?
(b) indicates considerable phonetic detail?
(c) indicates only the phonetic value of the sounds, without the transcriber
knowing the phonological system of the language he/she is working on?
(9%)
2. Why is phonemic transcription of English ususally quite different from
regular English spelling? (6%)
3. (a) Why does Standard Southern British English ("RP") have more diphthongs
than American English?
(b) Give two examples of RP diphthongs not found in US English. (8%)
4. What is the function of Romanization, and how does it differ in purpose from
phonetic notation systems such as the IPA? (6%)
5. What is a 'schwa'? (6%)
6. What chracterizes a 'rhotic' dialect? (5%)
7. What main difference distinguishes American English from standard British
English in the pronunciation of short vowels such as [ae],[I], and [U]? (5%)
8. Why do many speakers in the Western part of the US and Canada not need to
use the symbol [ ](open mid back rounded vowel)? (5%)
9. What is the main difference between the sound represented by e in Spanish
leche and by a-e in the English word late? (5%)
10. Give one example of an environment in which a voiceless stop is uaually
aspirated in English. (5%)
11. What is a diphthong? (6%)
12. Describe two main differences between the pronunciation of "white shoes"
and "why choose". (6%)
13. (a) A single sound written with two symbols is called a __________.
(b) Give two examples of this from English spelling. (6%)
14. What is (a) compound stress and (b) phrase stress?
(c) Give an example of each. (12%)
15. Give (i) broad and (ii) narrow phonetic transcriptions in IPA of the
following items:
(a) change (b) breadth (c) intact (d) train (e) shrink (10%)
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