推 Killua7877 :已收錄 06/26 08:46
課程名稱︰海洋生命科學
課程性質︰一般選修
課程教師︰曾萬年
開課學院：生命科學院
開課系所︰生命科學系
考試日期（年月日）︰99.06.25(五)
考試時限（分鐘）：110 minutes
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Single choice (3 points each, 45%)
1.An example of community is
A.one giant kelp individual.
B.a kelp forest plus all of the physical factors affecting it.
C.all physical factors affecting a kelp forest.
D.a kelp forest plus all organisms living in it.
E.several giant kelp individuals living in one particular area.
2.Competitive exclusion can be best defined by which of the following?
A.When one species overcompetes and eliminates another
B.The creation of a seperate ecological niche by a new species
C.The division of resources
D.When one species shares limiting resources with another
E.When competition results in the elimination of particular limiting
resources
3.The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a direct estimate of
A.primary production.
B.respiration.
C.standing stock of phytoplankton.
D.oxygen utilization.
E.release of nutrients.
4.Most sessile animals living on rocky shores are
A.deposit feeders.
B.carnivores.
C.detritus feeders.
D.filter feeders.
E.grazers.
5.Which one of these organisms is typically a very rare component of
soft-bottom intertidal communities?
A.Burrowing organisms
B.Detritus feeders
C.Seaweeds
D.Infauna
E.Deposit feeders
6.Regarding the origin of rocky coasts, it is known that this type of
shore is present along
A.geologically young coasts.
B.coasts with high accumulation of sediments.
C.coasts along the mouth of large rivers.
D.geologically old coasts being covered by sediments.
E.coasts being affected by ice sheets.
7.Osmoconformers survive changes in salinity by
A.maintaining the salinity of their body fluids constantly.
B.moving up and down the water column in order to spend most of the
day in the salt wedge.
C.pumping water in as salinity decreases.
D.allowing the salinity of their body fluids to vary with that of the
surrounding water.
E.increasing the amounts of salts in their body fluids no matter what
the salinity of the surrounding water is.
8.An example of a deposit feeder on mud flats
A.mud snails.
B.birds that feed on worms.
C.clams.
D.sulfur bacteria.
E.worms that feed on other worms.
9.Outwelling in estuaries is most important since it
A.maintains high primary production.
B.provides living space to many species.
C.releases much oxygen.
D.provides food and nutrients to other communities.
E.allows plants to survive despite wide flunctuations in salinity.
10.The distribution of the infauna among soft-bottom subtidal communities
is often closely related to
A.temporature.
B.particle size of sediment.
C.salinity.
D.distribution of seaweeds.
E.light.
11.Sea otters are known to affect the development of giant kelp forest by
A.helping in the dispersion of spores.
B.removing competing seaweeds.
C.feeding on carnivorous fishes.
D.feeding on grazing sea urchins.
E.releasing nutrients present in feces and urine.
12.Primary production is very high in coral reefs but low in surrounding
waters.One reason for this is that
A.coralline algae and other algae are very abundant.
B.there is abundant carbon dioxide in coral reefs.
C.nutrients are efficiently recycled.
D.zooxanthellae increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.
E.turf algae release nutrients.
13.Planula is the name given to
A.the coral polyp.
B.zooxanthellae.
C.corals that do not build reefs.
D.coral larvae.
E.the coral skeleton.
14.Sources of food and other essential nutrients for corals include all of
the following except
A.nutrients released by zooxanthellae.
B.calcium carbonate from shells.
C.dissolved organic matter(DOM) from the water.
D.zooplankton captured by the tentacles.
E.capture of food using mesenterial filaments.
15.Reef-building corals grow only in shallow water because
A.salinity varies less in shallow water.
B.zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis.
C.calcium carbonate is only available in shallow water.
D.nutrients concentrate in shallow water.
E.shallow water contains more dissolved organic matter(DOM).
簡答題(每題五分)
1.請問控制潮間帶上段、中段與下段之生物種類及分布得主要因子為何?
並對潮間帶生物如何適應這些因子各舉一例。
2.試會圖比較熱帶、溫代及極區之基礎生產力的季節性變動，並說明影響季節性
變動的限制因子之作用機制。
3.試以圖解方式說明Wonderful net在高速游泳性魚類的體溫調節機制，並以圖示來
比較紅肌及白肌纖維對快速游泳魚類的泳速貢獻之差異性。
4.何謂生物環(microbial loop)?
5.試以Ekman transport說明沿岸湧升及赤道湧升之機制。
6.何謂深海散射層(deep scattering layer, DSL)?
7.試列舉mesopelagic fishes的特徵及體色適應機制。
8.試以淡水和海洋的基礎生產力(primary productivity)之緯度變化，來說明溯河
迴游性魚類(鮭魚)及降海洄游性魚類(鰻魚)的迴游性模式之異曲同工之妙。
9.試舉例說明耳石的構造及生態應用。
10.你相信鰻魚的性別是後天決定型的嗎?如果是的話，其性別的決定機制又是如何?
11.鰻魚的一生，其形態及體色為什麼要改變，這些改變和ˋ迴游過程及環境適應有
什麼關係?
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