課程名稱︰英國經驗論
課程性質︰系必選（群組B）
課程教師︰蔡信安
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰哲學系
考試日期（年月日）︰99年1月15日
考試時限（分鐘）：170分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
(從以下7題當中選5題作答，不可多答。只抄題號，不必抄題，作答不依題號順序，可用鉛
筆但是要清晰、易辨識。)每題20分
1.為什麼說洛克的主張是「代表實在論」(representative realism)？(解釋必須包括：何
謂)「代表實在論」以及何謂「簡單觀念」(simple ideas)、「複合觀念」(complex
ideas))
2.試述休謨如何說明「印象」(impressions)和「觀念」(ideas)的關係。
3. "The wonderfully elaborate Strasbourg Cathedral clock provides Locke with a
good illustration for this distinction. In Strasbourg on market day, the
"gazing Country-man" (E III.vi.3:440) would be struck by the representation of
the moving planets, the lifelike figures that moved on the hours, the
mechanical cock that crowed at noon, and other such features of this famous
clock. He would doubtless be inclined to accept that there must be somthing
(probably some mechanism of some sort, he would suppose) about the clock that
gives rise to all these features by which he recognizes it. But he would know
nothing of the complex system of cogs and wheels, which is what the clock
would be to the cathedral horologist. In effect, then, the ideas the countryman
and the horologist's is of the clock, their nominal essences, are importantly
different. The countryman's is of some of its observable features and
characteristics; the horologist's is of its real essence, of what gives rise
to those observable features and characteristics, and so which explains the
clock's possession of them." (Locke's Theory of Knowledge, p.157) 這是Woolhouse
重述洛克所舉過一個著名的例子。請說明什麼是名目本質(nominal essences)以及實在本
質(real essences)以及它們的差別。
4.在"Locke's Moral Theory"這篇文章當中，洛克區分了神的法則(the divine law)、市
民法(the civil law)、意見或名譽的法則(the law of "opinion or reputation")。
a.請簡要說明三者個別的內容。
b.由於這樣的區分，為什麼洛克會被稱為一個唯意志主意者(voluntarist)？
c.洛克與巴克萊都主張「規則效益主義」(rule-utilitarianism)，請說明他們如何從
「規則效益主義」建立他們的道德哲學。
5.a.巴克萊解決經驗論問題的「新原則」(New Principle)是什麼？
b.由這個形上學的新原則，巴克萊如何建立他對自然科學的看法？
6.a.請簡要敘述在Hume's Skepticism一文中，作者如何說明休謨在理性(reason)及感官方
面的懷疑論。
b.請根據休謨的看法，解釋何謂「雙重存在」(double-existences)的問題。
7.a.請解釋：為什麼休謨認為道德的基礎是在人性(human nature)？
b.理性(reason)與情(passions)的關係是什麼？
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 218.166.192.54