課程名稱︰當代英美哲學
課程性質︰系必選(B群組)
課程教師︰苑舉正
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰哲學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2008.01.15
考試時限（分鐘）：80min
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Please answer the following three questions in either Chinese or English
with exact replies in accordance with the contents included in the syllabus
and what we have discussed in the classes about them (Each question contains
two parts and they count together 35 points. The total score is 105 points):
1. Please read carefully the following paragraph quoted from L.Wittgenstein's
Philosophical Investigations §81：
"In philosophy we often compare the use of words with games and calculi
which have fixed rules, but say that someone who is using language must
be playing such a game. But if you say that our language only approximate
to such a calculi you are standing on the very brink of a misunderstanding
¯¯¯
. For then it may look as if what we were talking about were an ideal
¯¯¯
language... But here the word 'ideal' is liable to mislead, for it sounds
as if these language were better, more perfect, than our everyday
language"
Then, please answer the following questions:
(1) What would be the different between 'an ideal language' based on fixed
rules and 'the everyday language' used in daily life? (20%)
(2) Why would it be a misunderstanding if we take the superiority of the ideal
language for granted? (15%)
2. Please explain to what extent can the philosophy of R. Carnap be inter-
preted as a stance of relativism? (20%) And to what extent however can this
philosophy be considered not as a relativistic stance? (15%)
3. Please, by the employment of ideas like 'conceptual sheme' and
'empirical content' ,explain what according to D. Davidson is a position of
relativism? (20%) Then, please further explain why, according to D. Davidson,
the relativistic position claiming the idea of 'total incommensurability' is
by all means a 'paradoxical' position? (15%)
Good Luck!!
And Happy New Year!!
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