1. Describe the role of matrix in (a)FAB (b)MALDI.

2. Describe the usefulness of mass spectrometry in quantitative proteomics.

3. ECNCI can have better sensitivity and selectivity than EI or CI.  Why?

4. Describe the advantage of (a)GC/MS over GC/FID (b)MS/MS over GC/MS

5. Isotopic dilution is the most accurate quantitative method in ICP-MS.
Explain that isotopic dilution method can be used as a quantitative method

6. Describe a method to overcome the problem of polyatomic ion interference
in ICP-MS.

7. Explain that Q/TOF is often used in proteomics whereas triple quadrupole
mass spectrometer is often used in drug industry.

8. Describe the reason that chromatography/mass spectrometry can provide very
high quality qualitative data.

9. Describe the resolution between low and high mass for (a) a double
focusing (b) a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

10.Describe the mechanism of “spraying ” in the technique of electrospray.

11.(a) Explain the importance of a homogeneous magnetic field in NMR.
(b) Describe the techniques to encounter the problem of field inhomogeneity.

12.In solid NMR, describe the effect of line broadening due to chemical shift
anisotropy.

13.Describe the technique and advantage of spin decoupling.

14.Why is auger spectrum often recorded as the derivative of the electron
counting rate?

15.Why is X-ray fluorescence not considered a surface analysis technique?

16.Explain that not all surface analyses are performed under high vacuum.

17.Explain that the fabrication of the tunneling tip in STM is not as
difficult as might be expected.

18.(a) Describe the advantage of photon counting. (b) What is the
requirement of using the technique of photon counting?

19.Explain that X-ray from radioactive decay process is often used in energy
dispersive not wavelength dispersive instrument.

20.Explain that immunoenzymatic techniques are often used as a screening
method not a confirmation method.

21.(a) Please draw a signal with S/N=2. (b) What is the probability that the
signal is in fact a noise.

22.Describe the technique Boxcar integrator.

23.The accuracy and precision of quantitation by a quadruple mass
spectrometer is better than that of an ion trap mass spectrometer.  Why?

24.A RF only quadrupole can be used as a focusing device. Please explain the
criteria in the selection of AC voltage.

25.Using the stability diagram, please describe the sequence of operation in
a selected waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) MS/MS scan.

26.Please explain the space charge effect to the accuracy of mass assignment
in an ion trap mass spectrometry.

27.Describe the operation principle of a tandem TOF mass spectrometer.

28.The development of ESI makes FT-MS a powerful instrument for protein
analysis. Why?

29.The CID spectrum from a tandem TOF can be significantly different from
that of a Q/TOF instrument.  Why?

30.For a 200 MHz 1H NMR, what is the minimum sampling frequency to avoid
folding or aliasing?

31.In NMR, T2≦T1.  Why

32.Please draw and explain the FID signal and its Fourier transform spectrum
if the excitation frequency is identical to the larmor frequency.

33.Describe and explain the coils used in a NMR sample probe.

34.Describe the causes of line broadening in 13C solid state NMR.

35.Electrons are often involved in the surface characterization.  Why?

36.STM is an important instrument for surface topography.  Why?

37.Describe the similarity and difference in terms of information provided
by auger electron and electron microscopy.

38.Describe the advantage and limitation of photon counting.

39.Describe the enhancement matrix effect in XRF.

40.Describe the operation principle of measuring sulfur in gasoline by a
nondispersive XRF instrument.

41.Please derive an equation to show that the dynamic range of an
immunoensymatic assay   is rather limited.

42.Explain the difference and similarity between selected ion monitoring and
mass chromatogram.

43.High resolution mass spectrometry is used in dioxin analysis because of
the need to separate dioxin ion with other nonchlorinated ions. Do you agree
with this statement？ Why or Why not？

44.High resolution mass spectrometry is often used to obtain exact mass. Why

45.Using mass spectrometry, it is easy to identify compounds containing
silicon or sulfur atom(s). Why？

46.In a EI spectrum of a compound with MW 140, there are more odd mass ions
than even mass ions. Why？

47.