A. (30%) light sources
a.(3%)    What is the major advantage to have I2 in the envelop of tungsten
lamps? (i.e., the advantage of tungsten/halogen lamps)
b.(4%)    Why is D2-lamp a continuum source rather than a line source at
200~350 nm?
c.(5%)    Draw the scheme diagram of HCL.  Indicate the names of the necessary
part.  Which part of the device is "hollow" and why is "hollow" necessary?
d.(4%)    Why is the emission of glow discharge analogue to HCL? (i.e.,
describe their similarity)
e.(6%)    List 3 steps (mechanism) that generate Lasers.
                (不必說明)
f.(8%)    Describe the criteria for excited molecules to emit coherent
radiation.
B. (18%) FT-IR & FT-Raman
a.(6%)    Draw a scheme diagram of Michelson interferometer with the necessary
parts.  Describe the function of each part.
b.(4 %)   In practice, does an FTIR use a monochromatic source or a continuum
source?  Why so? (or why not?)
c.(2 %)   (i) In practice, does an FT-Raman use a monochromatic light source
or a continuum light source?
  (6%)    (ii) Before the light path enters the interferometer, is it
monochromatic or polychromatic? Why so?
C. (15 %) monochromator & detectors
a.(5 %)   Why is high resolution, in general, unnecessary for solution-phase
UV/Vis experiments?
b.(5 %)   A spectrum has a S/N ratio of 8/1.  How many spectra must be
averaged to increase the S/N ratio to 20/1? (列出式子，不要計算)
c.(5%)    Why is it most accurate to measure the absorbance in the range
of A = 0.4~0.9?

D. (21 %)Answer the following questions concisely (i.e., short and clear).
a. (7%) Describe the mechanism of Smith-Hieftje method.  Please focus on how
this method can correct the background.
b. (6 %) Echellette and Echelle gratings
(i) Describe the difference between their structures and
(ii)Whose resolution is better? How so? (hint: what should be placed in
between the grating and detector?)
c. (4%) Please explain the reason why the ionization interference is not
serious in ICP-OES.
d. (4%) Please define "charge coupled device".

E. (22 %) multiple choices (單或多選題 & 簡答，
錯一個答案，倒扣一分；先讀問題再看選項)
We have introduced the following types of devices in class:
a. Lasers       b. D2 lamp      c. tungsten lamp
d. HCLs e. electrodeless dischrage lamp
f. prism        g. echelle grating      h. echellette grating
i. concave diffraction grating  j. interference filters
k. absorption filters   l. interferometer
m. phototube    n. photodiode   o. photodiode array
p. photomultiplier tube
q. photoconductor (MCT)
r. charge coupled devices
s. thermocouple (DTGS)
t. laminar flow burner  u. ICP torch
v. electrothermal atomizer
w. arc and spark plasma sources x. ATR
y. demountable gas cell for IR
z. gas cell with known amount of reference materials
aa. KBr pellets

a. (4 %) What types of transducers might have the best sensitivity?
b. (12 %) From the list above, select the necessary devices to quantify NOx (
汽車排放的廢氣種類之一) for street cars. (You are welcome to write or explain
the purpose of your choice.)
c. (6 %) In your experimental and instrumental design, do you use "internal
standard" or "standard addition"?  Why so? (要記得說明原因)

選擇題答案：
2010-01-14 exam 3
1.b 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.c 10.a 11.b 12.c 13.b 14.a 15.a

2007-06-25 exam 3
I
(i).n
(ii).p (or p, t)
(iii).n, o, p, q, r
(iv).f, g
(v).c, j

III.1.b 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.b 10.b

不用寫的：II, V (iii), (iv)

2006 03-30 exam 1
E. (a).p, r(擇一或寫兩個都好)
  (b). light source: c (W-lamp)
        wavelength selector: j或k (filters)皆可
        cell: z
        detector: q (MCT)或s (DTGS)皆可
  (c). standard addition, 因為測量的物種和ref cell裡的是同一物種。