[轉錄][翻譯] History of Basketball Coaching from …

[Romancin (進去吧，裏邊沒人)]

※ [本文轉錄自 NBAGM 看板]

作者: sssfrost (神遊物外) 看板: NBAGM
標題: [翻譯] History of Basketball Coaching from 1922 to 2006 （1）
時間: Thu May 18 17:06:44 2006



原文轉載
http://www.guidetocoachingbasketball.com/history.htm


History of Basketball Coaching from 1922 to 2006

From the day Dr. Naismith invented the game in 1892 there has
been a gradual changing of the rules. This was done in order to
make the game exciting. Somebody said, "this single sport attracts
more player participation than any other sport in America."

自 1892 年 Naismith 博士發明籃球這項美妙的運動以來，它的規則就
不斷隨著時間而改變。改變規則的目的，是要讓球賽變得更刺激，有人
曾經語帶誇示地說：「在美國，受籃球所吸引而參與的人口，要比其它
任何運動來得多。」

The offensive skills have vastly improved since my birth in 1922.
In my opinion, this has been due to better nurturing, coaching,
and facilities. This, coupled with improved coaching techniques,
has put a heavy burden on the defensive part of the game. Over
the years, defenses have change out of necessity, to keep up with
these improved offensive skills. This still continues in 2001.

從我於 1922 年出生到現在，關於籃球的進攻戰術（按：skills依上下文
，譯為「戰術」似乎較「技巧」、「技能」來得貼切。雖然究其意，應該
是指一個包含「戰術」與「技巧」的集合名詞，但目前想不到更好的字眼
來詮釋）已有長足的進步。就我個人的意見，其中原因在於營養程度的普
遍提高、教練的研發、與訓練設設施的完備。以上種種因素再加上執教技
術的進步，使得籃球比賽中的防守方，必須承受巨大的壓力。因此，這些
年來，防守同樣應需要而作出改變，以對抗日趨精良的進攻技巧。這樣的
過程一直持續到現在，2001 年。

The early offensive skills, compared to today’s standards, were
crude. Ball handling, dribbling, and shooting were far behind that
of today. Most of us, in those earlier times, honed our skills in
front of a barn door, with a basketball so lop-sided it would have
been impossible to cross-over behind your back. In our shots, we
had to allow for the wind, too.

以今天的表準來檢視早期的進攻戰術，是非常殘忍的一件事；過去在持
球（handling）、運球切入（dribbling）與投射（shooting）等技巧方
面，比起今日是遠遠不及。那時候，我們只能帶著籃球在穀倉門前練習
。不規則的場地讓我們無法背後換手運球；每次出手投籃，甚至還要考
慮風的影響。

Since the lay-up and shots at short range were the only good
percentage shot for most of these early players, it was necessary
to execute the pass exceedingly well. Most coaches discouraged
dribbling because it took away team play and was often called
"showboating".

既然早期的選手只有上籃（lay-up）與短距離投射比較有把握，如何把
球傳進去就變得非常重要。大部分的教練因此認為球員持球切入會破壞
團隊合作，而不加以鼓勵，且時常稱之為「賣弄技巧」。

Almost every player shot a two-handed underhand free throw that
started from around the knees, or lower. Medium and long-shots
were even taken in this manner into the early 1930’s; however,
the shooter had to be 8 to 10 feet away from his defender to get
the shot off. In the 1930’s some players began to develop an
accurate outside two-handed set shot that started from the chest.
The taller players were using hook shots within 4 to 10 feet of
the basket in the late 1920’s. Defense dominated the game until
the middle 1920’s. A good straight man-to-man drawn back into
the lane made penetration difficult. Most game scores were low,
usually in the 30’s. Each defensive player’s responsibility was
to keep his man from scoring. He could expect to receive no more
than token help from a teammate. Those were the days when you saw
a true man-to-man defense.

直到三零年代早期，幾乎所有的球員都還在使用櫻木花道的馬桶式罰球
，甚至中遠距離的投籃也是如此。可想而知，投籃的選手必須遠離防守
者八到十呎遠才能夠出手。差不多三零年代左右，某些球員也開發出了
用雙手從胸部開始推出的立定投籃姿勢，也有不錯的外線準度。二零年
代晚期，個子高的球員都在籃框附近四到十呎的距離以鉤射（hook sh-
ot）拿分。防守在二零年代中期以前，主宰了比賽的勝負。如果球隊能
夠熟練從人盯人防守（man-to-man defense）變為緊縮籃下的方式，那
麼持球滲透（penetration）將異常困難。三零年代的時候，比賽分數都
很低；防守球員的任務就是讓對手不要投籃。他們所能夠得到的支援也
相當稀少，換句話說說，那個年代的盯人防守，可算是真正的一對一防
守。


Structured Basketball Offense

Straight man-to-man defense began to lose its effectiveness when
coaches began to structure offenses using screens and set plays.
Since outside shooting and dribbling was discouraged, passing was
the available skill that produced the desired lay-up or
high-percentage shot. In those days, passing was considered the
most important skill. In 1920, the rules committee even considered
making the dribble illegal. The New York Celtics, World Professional
Champions at that time, endorsed the action. They felt the dribble
was a poor substitute for the pass and hurt the game.

自從教練開始在進攻面使用包含掩護（screens）與套路（set plays）
的組織化進攻戰術（structure offenses）後，這種單純的盯人防守即
逐漸失去效果。既然外線投籃與帶球切入不被鼓勵，利用傳球（passi-
ng）製造機會絕佳的上籃，或高命中率的投籃就成為實用的技巧。那個
年代裡，傳球被視為最重要的技巧。1920年，規則委員會甚至考慮將運
球非法化。當時世界職業籃球冠軍隊：紐約塞爾特人隊，也贊同這項規
則。他們認為運球切入不能用來取代傳球，甚至會危害比賽的品質（按
：應指球隊的比賽品質）。

In the late 1920’s, as players began a gradual improvement in
shooting and dribbling skills, the pass to get the close-in shot
became less important. In the past 70 years shooting and dribbling
skills have vastly improved; however, the skills for a penetrating
pass has little or no improvement. This deficiency has a lot to do
with the great successes of coaches using multiple defenses, today.
Coach Dean Smith is a perfect example.

二零年代晚期，隨著球員投射與運球切入技能的逐漸進步，把球往內傳
的攻擊方式變得不再如此重要（按：或許可以理解為餵球之類的技巧）
。雖然過去七十年間，投射與持球切入這類技巧已經有了長足的進步，
但切入滲透後分球的技術幾乎沒有任何進展。那是因為當時的教練能夠
熟練地使用複合多樣的防守方式，他們在壓制切入分球這點上，取得了
巨大的成功。Dean Smith 的防守系統即為當代有名的例子。

The Initial Passing or Motion Offenses

It may surprise you young coaches to know that the popular passing
and motion offenses being used today were initially used in the
1920’s. They were used then for the same reasons coaches use them
in 2001: to get a high percentage shot against a tough man-to-man
defense. In the 1920’s a high percentage shot was a lay-up. In
2001 it is a shot without a hand in your face. Those early pioneers
spread the offense more than is used today. A 1-2-2 set was often
used with screens taking place in the lane. If the screen was
successful, he could get an uncontested lay-up. You see, weak-side
help had not yet been perfected. When a defensive man could not
fight over a screen his man would be open for an easy shot. Back
then, the defensive man was taught to concentrate on his own man.
In 2001, a good man-to-man defense sags on the weak-side and is
always ready to help defend. If the defense tried to use a switching
type of man-to-man, the offense with its constant motion and
screening, without the defensive weak-side help, eventually caused
a mix-up. This, of course, frees somebody for an open lay-up. This
was the ideal offense for those times. Good outside shooters were
a rare breed. Even the best college teams never had more than one
good shooter. A good field goal percentage for those days was
around 33 percent and nobody but the best shooter was allowed
shots beyond 12 feet.

現今最熱門的各種 Motion Offense（按：passing可能指 MO 的特色之
一，可能指 MO 的一種Passing Game；期間細微的差別與演變，容日後
補述），其實早在二零年代左右就出現了。怎麼樣，嚇到了吧？你們這
些菜鳥教練。不論何時，使用 MO 的理由都是一樣的：針對人盯人防守
的陣勢，做出空檔以提高投籃命中率。不過在二零年代，命中率最高的
投籃方式是上籃；2001年，則是投籃的時候前面沒有手在阻擋。過去常
用的MO型態與今日不同，一組1-2-2 落位的 set，通常會運用禁區的掩
護；如果掩護做得成功，空切的球員即可在無人干擾的情況下輕鬆上籃
得分。講到這裡你可以發現，這種方式在過去之所以有效，是因為當時
弱邊協防之觀念與技術開發尚不夠完整不夠完美。因此當防守空切的球
員無法及時擠過掩護時，空切球員就已打開了一個輕鬆得分的機會。那
時候的防守球員，只有被教導專注於自己的防守對象，沒有支援隊友的
觀念。可是到了2001 年，優異的盯人防守必須做到弱邊的下沉（sag）
包夾，且防守球員隨時準備相互支援。如果於盯人防守中採用換防（s-
witching）的防守方針（按：意指在任何防守球員無法跟上自己的防守
對象時，隊友即與之交換防守對象；常見換防的情況為檔拆與空手掩護
）卻不重視弱邊的協防，則進攻方使用 MO 進行不斷掩護（按：掩護、
切與傳球是MO的三個基本元素，不過按文意，似乎舊式 MO 特別強調掩
護的成分）的方式，最終會造成防守方的錯亂。不用我說，進攻方會有
人打開輕鬆上籃的機會。這就是過去理想的進攻模式。不過那個年代，
精準的射手是稀有財。即使是全美頂尖的大學球隊，也從未一次擁有一
個以上的好射手。當時的投籃命中率只要在差不多三成三左右，就已經
算得上相當不錯，而且只有這些射手有權限於十二呎以外的距離出手。

Zone Basketball Defenses Became Popular

In the mid-1930’s and 1940’s this type of offense led to zone
defenses becoming popular. The zone was the answer to taking a
team out of its offense. Lay-ups were more difficult and most of
the shots came from 10 feet or more. Usually this shot was from a
set position. Most zones, then, were the lay-back type forcing
more outside shots. Good outside shooting always forced the zone
farther out on the floor, opening up to more penetration for
closer to the basket shots. The use of zones made it necessary
for coaches to improve and encourage outside shooting skills.

自三零年代中期到四零年代，上述初代的MO，導致了區域防守（Zone
Defense）的普及。區域防守正是壓制當時進攻方式的解答，讓籃下上籃
更加困難，並迫使對手從十呎以外的地方出手。對手針對區域防守所做
的投籃，通常來自於特定位置（按：區域防守通常有幾個死角較難防範
，比如說短角）。我們可以輕易推知，區域防守源自於逼迫對手多投外
線的想法。可是當隊員們練好一手外線，就能夠迫使區域防守往外延伸
，製造更多滲透而取得距離籃框較近位置的投籃機會。因此，區域防守
的出現，使教練必須改進並鼓勵外線投籃的技術。

Basketball Rule Changes Usually Favors the Offense

Spectators always have enjoyed successful offensive play than
defense. It is more exciting. Even most players enjoy offense
better than defense.

觀眾看進攻永遠比看防守爽，進攻刺激多了，甚至大部分的球員也都樂
於進攻而非防守。

Over the years, if you have paid attention, most rule changes of
team sports in America have favored the offense. This is especially
true when it comes to basketball. Popularity of the game has
increased in the same proportion as has team scores. The rules
committee did its part by implementing the 10 second rule in 1932.
Five years later, in 1937, they took away the center jump after
each score. These two changes changed the game dramatically.

如果你有注意那些美國團隊運動規則的演變，不難發現這些年來，絕大
部分的規則改變有利於進攻方，尤其是籃球。球賽比分提高的比率，與
籃球人口增加的比率是相同的。籃球規則委員會於 1932 年制定了十秒
過半場的規則；五年後，他們拿掉了每次進球後，中鋒重新跳球的規定
。這兩項規則改變，大大改變了籃球比賽。

A basketball injury removed me from any participation from 1936
until 1939 and I hardly recognized my favorite game once I
recovered. With the ball being taken out-of-bounds at the end of
the court after each score, a new offensive threat came on the
scene. It was called the fast break. This created more action and
the game became increasingly popular in high schools here in
Indiana. Now it was possible for teams to score before a defense
could set up at the opposite end and protect the basket area.
Teams who adapted scored 50 to 70 percent of their points from
the fast break.

1936年，我在球場上受了相當嚴重的傷。直到 1939 年返回球場時，我
驚訝地發現，自己已經幾乎不認識心中最愛的籃球了。每次得分後，對
手即從底線發球而非重新跳球，這項轉變帶來了新的進攻威脅：快攻（
fast break）。快攻讓比賽更具活動力，也因而提升了Indiana 這裡，
高中學校的籃球普及程度。現在，球隊將有機會於對手在季幾的籃下佈
好防守陣勢、準備保護籃框之前，快速進攻得手。球隊快攻的命中率差
不多在五成到七成左右，比半場進攻有效率太多了。

--------------------------------------------------------------

如有問題，歡迎指教。

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→ Romancin:有誰看完啦？直接看到我的推文的喊個又
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推 shyuanrenn:短角是什麼？ 所以在Jordan打球的時代，得分比現在Kobe
→ shyuanrenn:大量得分的防守環境還要困難
推 Romancin:短角是甚麼我無法確定，但今昔得分之難易是極有爭議性的
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推 Romancin:MO基哥有教過哦～
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> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- <

作者: Romancin (進去吧，裏邊沒人) 看板: NTUCL-BASKET
標題: [轉錄][翻譯] History of Basketball Coaching from  …
時間: Tue May 23 08:36:12 2006

※ [本文轉錄自 NBAGM 看板]

作者: sssfrost (神遊物外) 看板: NBAGM
標題: [翻譯] History of Basketball Coaching from 1922 to 2006 （2）
時間: Sun May 21 22:06:26 2006

One-Handed Basketball Set Shot

Perhaps more significant than the rule changes was two new
offensive fundamentals: the one-handed set and the one-handed
jump shot. Until then, only the two-handed set shot and hook
shots were being used on the perimeter. There were exceptions,
but these were not good percentage shots for most players.

比起規則改變所帶來之影響更大者，或許是兩項新進攻基本原則的產生
：單手立定投籃與單手跳投。在此之前，罰球圈附近的都是使用雙手立
定投籃與勾射來取分，雖然或有例外，但大多數球員在這個距離的命中
率都不怎麼樣。

The one-handed set shot first began appearing in the early 1940’s.
Coaches and players, alike, soon began to discover this shot to
be more accurate and could be released much quicker. A few years
after that players added a jump to the shot, which gave birth to
the one-handed jump shot that was even more effective and accurate
from 10 feet-out. It was even more accurate than the hook shot
being taken from the 4 to 12 foot range and much easier to get
off in close quarters than the one-handed set shot.

單手立定投籃首次出現於四零年代早期，教練與球員們很快就發現單手
立定投籃的奧妙之處，在於它準多了且出手更快。幾年之後，球員們開
始在投籃時加上跳躍，單手跳投就此誕生。單手跳投有效提升了十呎以
外投籃的精準度與效率，甚至比四到十二呎內的鉤射還要來的準。單手
跳投在每節比賽接近尾聲時，要搶時間出手也比立定跳投容易得多

By the 1950’s many players, from the high school level on up
became very effective with these shots. This improved outside
shooting soon took away much of the advantages of a packed-in zone
defense. This forced such tight defenses to move out. This then
made the penetrating dribble a more effective offensive weapon.
Many players became more skillful with their dribbling abilities
and we began to see a resurgence in a one-on-one situation. This
gave the offense another way to penetrate the defense for a high
percentage shot or dish off to a teammate for a like shot.

精準度大幅躍升的外線投射，把以往重兵坐鎮禁區的區域防守打得落花
流水。因此，禁區擁擠的區域防守，被迫移出內線。持球滲透因而成為
一項更有效率的進攻武器。許多球員也變得精於運球切入的技巧，場上
一對一的情況隨之復甦。持球切入成為進攻方滲透防守的另一項選擇，
切入後有機會獲高命中率的投射機會，或分球（dish off）給外圍隊友
，讓他們在空檔下輕鬆投籃。

Defensive Changes

Coaches who had long been disciples of man-to-man defense began
to apply more pressure on the ball and instructed the weak-side
defensive players to sag more toward the basket. This was the very
beginning of the help and recover defensive tactic seen today.
These man-to-man coaches would only use a zone defense as a last
resort or a change-of-pace tactic. There were many coaches who
preferred the zone as their primary defense, but resorted to
man-to-man whenever their zone failed.

長期追隨盯人防守的教練們，開始增加對球的壓迫（pressure），並建
立弱邊球員下沉保護籃下的機制。這就是今日常見的協防與回覆原位（
recover）等防守戰術最初的源頭。這些教練們視區域防守僅僅為萬不得
已的方案或偶而變換節奏迷惑對手的東西而已。多教練最初喜愛區域防
守，但通常因為區域防守的失敗而轉向盯人防守。

A new type of defense began to appear in the 1950’s called a
match-up zone defense. It was great at slowing an offense when
properly executed, but difficult to teach. The match-up zone had
players match up with the various offensive sets, then attempt
to defend a certain area of the court. Each player would use a
combination of zone and man-to-man tactics in guarding a defensive
player in his area.

五零年代也出現了一種新型態的防守：盯人區域防守（Match-up Zone）
這套防守非常難教，可一旦學會且正確執行，攻勢將會被大幅度減緩。
Match-up Zone 讓球員以盯人的方式應對各種不同型態的進攻套路，接
著試圖保護特定區域。每位球員都必須負責區域內的防守對象，並綜合
運用盯人與區域防守的技巧。

A few man-to-man and zone presses were used during the 1950’s.
Up until then, pressure defenses were usually used in late stages
of a game by the losing team trying to change the final outcome
of the game. It wasn’t until the fifties that teams started using
pressure type defenses at different times during a game. Defenses
were becoming much more aggressive out of necessity in efforts to
combat ever-improving offenses. About this time, some coaches
believed a player must hit at least 40 percent of his shots, or
he would hurt the team. A team averaged around 45 to 50 percent
then. I’ve heard coaches say, and I’ve even said it myself, "45
percent wins and 30 percent loses games."

五零年代，壓迫式的盯人或區域防守也開始出現。以前，壓迫防守通常
為落後的那一方於比賽即將結束，試圖扭轉結果時所用者；五十年代，
壓迫式防守的使用，不再僅限於球賽末段。為了對抗不斷演進的進攻技
術，防守勢必更加積極且富侵略性。差不多同時，一些教練開始要求球
員的投籃命中率至少要在四成左右；而球隊整體的命中率必須在四成五
到五成。包括我在內，許多教練都這麼說過：「四成五的命中率能夠贏
得比賽，三成就回家吃自己。」

When I started in college after World War II, basketball really
became popular in all areas of the United States. It was no longer
limited to Indiana high schools and became a great spectator sport.
Basketball gyms were filled to capacity and newer and larger
arenas were built to accommodate this increased interest.

二戰後，我開始大學生涯，而籃球風行於全美；不再只侷限於 Indiana
這裡的高中學校，而成為擁有眾多觀眾的全國性運動。球館總是擠滿了
人，更新更大的體育場因而不斷應日益增加之需求而生。

A National Major Sport

In the late 1940’s a few talented athletes began playing basketball
the year round to hone their skills. Such coaches as John Wooden
at Indiana State gave the first black athletes the opportunity to
showcase their talents; however, Jim Crow laws hampered travel
accommodations and delayed fullest implementation for many years
to come. Many southern universities refused to play teams with
black players. The black athlete soon proved to the entire nation
that he had the ability and skills needed for the modern day game
of basketball. I believe this, more than anything else, became
the most dominate force in improving the basketball skills of
modern-day players.

四零年代晚期，一些具有天份的運動員，開始反覆磨練籃球的技巧。某
些教練如印城州大 John Wooden，也給了黑人球員們展現其天賦的機會
，那是黑人運動員的首次亮相；然而，Jim Crow法（按：五零年代美國
的種族隔離法）阻礙了黑人球員們旅途中的膳宿，也使得黑人球員大舉
進攻籃球領域的時程晚了很多年。那時許多南方的大學都不准球隊中有
黑人，可是黑人運動員很快地向全國證明他們的能力與技術，是完全為
現代籃球而生的；我相信，他們是推動今日籃球員進步的最大因素。

Experimentation with Multiple Defenses

There was a was some experimentation with multiple defenses during
the early1960’s. All this came about because the weakest link in
the offensive skills was the pass. The basic premise of these
stunting and combination defenses was to mold a defense to take
advantage of this weakest link of that day. Only a few coaches
used multiple defenses, but those who did became quite successful
and books began to appear dealing with the subject.

六零年代早期，有些教練們開始實驗複合多樣化的防守。這是因為寰諸
各項進攻技巧中，傳球是最脆弱的連結；因此這種阻礙性的綜合防守型
態，即針對當時最錯弱的進攻連結（傳球）所塑造。雖然使用此種防守
型態的教練為數不多，可是他們獲得了極大的成果，坊間的書籍也開始
處理這類題目。

In 1963, while serving as volunteer coach for St. Benedict School
in Evansville, Indiana, I read an excellent book dealing with
this subject. This text was written by Wayne Dobbs and Garland
Pinholster, entitled, Basketball’s Stunting Defenses.
Prentice-Hall out of Englewood Ciffs, New Jersey, published this
text and surprisingly it is appropriate today, as in 1964. The
knowledge gained from reading it took me from man-to-man and
straight zone defenses to Stunting Multiple Defenses. My team went
from mediocre to one that completely confused the opposition and
led to many championship trophies.

1963 年，當時自願任教於 St. Benedict（按：位於 Indiana 的 Eva-
nsville） 的我，讀到了一本關於複合多樣化防守的書。作者是 Wayne
Dobbs（按：曾執教於肯塔基）與 Garland Pinholster（按：http://0rz.net/441oT），
書名Basketball’s Stunting Defenses，由 Prentice-Hall 代理紐澤
西的Englewood Ciffs 出版。（按：http://0rz.net/d91nx）此書內容
與 1964 年的籃球環境極為契合，我也因為此書而改變過去自己教導的
盯人防守與純粹的區域防守，成為阻礙性的複合式防守（Stunting Mu-
ltiple Defense）。我的球隊因此由一支高不成低不就的中級隊伍，轉
化為一級不敗雄師，贏得獎牌無數。這套防守能夠讓對手完全摸不清頭
緒，不知從何攻起。

In 2001 there are many coaches using multiple defenses in one way
or another. The successful coaches have found this to be a way of
slowing down improving offenses. Just as the zone defense was the
answer to slowing down free-lance motion offenses in the1930’s,
the multiple stunting defense is the answer to slowing it in 2001.
In case you do not believe, former North Carolina Coach Dean Smith
had used multiple defenses to confuse opposition for years. Nobody
alive would doubt his success. It is obvious to me that Coach Smith
found that combining half-court, three-quarter-court, and
full-court defenses, and changing from man-to-man to zone and
back again frequently in the course of a game keeps the offense
off balance. Not only does this disrupt patterns, but reduces
shooting accuracy as well.


2001年，已經有許多教練以不同方式使用複合式的防守。某些教練成功
地使用這種防守箝制日益進化的攻擊戰術。就如同三零年代早期，區域
防守擊敗了自由不受限制的 MO（按：free-lance MO，指沒有設計任何
特定走位與配合，全憑球員閱讀防守，適切執行傳、擋、切的MO）一樣
，阻礙性的複合式防守是壓制 2001 年今天，各式進攻戰術的解答。如
果你不相信，前北卡傳奇教頭Dean Smith，已經使用複合式防守困惑對
手多年，沒有任何人會懷疑 Smith 的偉大成就。顯然，Dean Smith 那
套結合半場（half-court）、四分之三場地（three-quarter-court）、
全場的防守範圍，以及經常於盯人和區域防守之間切換的防守方式，可
以有效讓對手的攻勢失去平衡。它不只能夠毀壞對手的進攻模式，更能
夠壓低對手的投籃精準度。

Coach Smith was not the first coach to use such a system. There
were many before him. The famous Everett Case, Forrest Allen,
John Wooden, Frank McGuire, Jack Ramsay, and Del Harris lead the
pack, but there were many lesser known coaches as well. A few of
these were: Bob Abelsett, Neil Baisi, Aubrey Bonham, Glenn Brown,
Bob Davis, John Egli, Bob Fuller, Harry Harkins, Bill Harrell,
Burrall Paye, Garland Pinholster, Bud Presley, and Charles Ward.
All were successful coaches at all levels of the game. Now, that
the NBA has legalized zone defenses, it will be interesting to
watch "Shaq Defenses" evolve. I predict the old master, Del
Harris, now a Portland assistant, will come up with an effective
beginning.

Dean Smith不是第一個使用此系統的教練，許多人比他還要早，其中，
Everett Case（按：http://0rz.net/821pa）、Forrest Allen（按：
http://0rz.net/201mS）、John Wooden、Frank Mcguire（按：http://0rz.net/af1oM）
、Jack Ramsay（按：http://0rz.net/f71lW）、Del Harris（按：
http://0rz.net/a61pX）等人赫赫有名。也有不少沒名氣者，比如說B-
ob Abelsett、Neil Baisi、Aubrey Bonham、Glenn Brown、Bob Davi-
s、John Egli、Bob Fuller、Harry Harkins、Bill Harrell、Burrall
Paye、Garland Pinholster、Bud Presley 與Charles Ward。這些教練
們的共通點是，不論在何種層級的比賽，他們都相當成功。現在，區域
防守已經為NBA 合法化。相信觀察其他球隊針對那個無敵於天下的Shaq
所設計的新防守，是很有趣的一件事。我猜測年近古稀的大師 Del Ha-
rris（按：時任拓荒者助理教練一職），會是第一個設計出有效防守招
術的人。

Coach Dean Smith’s way of using the multiple defense might be
the most sophisticated, and when executed properly makes it
difficult for the offense to determine the defense being used.
Smith’s defense constantly interweaves man-to-man and zone
principles. I think Coach Smith’s ideas are a combination of
most of the defenses employed up to this time, plus a few new
wrinkles and are adaptable at all levels of play.

不過 Dean Smith 的複合式防守或許是最精緻的，一旦確實執行，攻方
很難判定他們所應對的是何種防守形式。Smith 的防守不斷交織盯人與
區域防守的原則於其中。我認為Smith 的構想，是結合當代大多數的防
守型態，配上一些自創的新花樣；並希望這套防守，足以應付所有進攻
戰術配合。

--------------------------------------------------------------

如有問題，歡迎指教。


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