第一章 自己看著辦...
第二章 magma&crystallization of magma
* magma -->liquid(major),gas,solid(minor)
==>multicomponent hot materials
* consttuent of the component
1.liquid phase {1.complex ions - ex.[SiO4]-4...
{2.cations - ex.Mg, Fe+2, Ca...
{3.composite ions - ex.[SiO2],[AlSiO4]...
2.solid phase
3.gas phase H2O,CO2(major),S,SO2,HCl....淺處較多氣態
* order of crystallization
1.petrographic method
2.high P,T experiments
* Bowen series
不會我也沒辦法
* the evolution of magma
1.differentiation(岩漿分異）
定義
========> a homogeneous magma to produce a variety of different rocks
重要步驟
--------->fractional crystallization(結晶分化）
定義
====>early crystals completely or partialy prevent from
reacting with residue magma
**cf.{equilibrium crystallization
early crystals completely(sufficiently) reacting with residue
magma
**Mechanisms of Frational Crystallization
1.Gravitional settling(density difference)
2.Filter pressing
3.Liquid immiscibility
4.Gaseous transfer
2.magma mix {1.shallow-->inhomogeneous m1+m2->(m1+m2)
{2.deep-->混合均勻 m1+m2->m3
pf.有compatible elements
3.assimilation(同化作用）
定義
====>magma react with country rocks
process
------->{1.melt (岩漿熔點>圍岩熔點）
{2.ion exchange （岩漿熔點<圍岩熔點）
第三章 occurence
{intrusive {concordant {sill（岩床）
{laccolith（岩蓋）
{lopolith（岩盆）혊 {disconcordant {batholith(岩基）
{dike
-------------------------------------------------------------------
{extrusive {lava {pahoahoe
{aa
{block
{pillow(in water)
}form on surface
{ejecta {ash <4mm
{lapilli 4-32mm
{bomp(l)&block(s) >32mm
第四章 classidication
1.base on chemical composition
H2O,FeO,....
I.C.P.W norm-->basalt{1.tholeiite norm Qz,Hyperthene
{2.olivine basalt '' Hy,Ol
{3.alkali basalt '' Ol,Nepheline
2. '' quantitative of mineralogy
IUGS-->1.size{plutonic-phanertic
{volcanic-apharitic
2.mineral percentage-Qz,Pl,alkali,feldspathoid
F-A-D,Q-A-D圖要會看
3. '' mode of occurrence{extrusive -->volcanic
{dike -->hypaasal
{deep seated -->plutonic
4. '' texture(grain size){fine
{medium
{coarse
* primary magma(basalt)
由source rock直接部份熔融而成
特性
---->{1.high liquidus temperature
{2.high MgO,lowSiO2
{3.多compatible trace element ex.Ni,Co
types
------>{1.tholeiitic
{2.high Al
{3.alkali olivine basalt
好累 先休息...
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