(只有這些了 還有誰可以貢獻其他的??)
名詞解釋：(各2分, 共30分)
1. Ecological niche, 2. Commensalism, 3. Eutrophication, 4. Atoll,
5. Larvacean 6. Epiphytes, 7. coral bleaching, 8. Zooxanthellae,
9. Holoplankton, 10. Pteropods 11. Epifauna, 12. Counterillumination,
13. Shellfish, 14. Ciguatera, 15. mesenterial filaments
簡答題：(各8分, 72分)
1. There are marked differences in the type of organisms found at four
different locations at the same tidal height along a rocky shore. What might
account for this? Offer at least three possible explanations.
2. Scientists predict that the ocean will get warmer and the sea level will
rise as a result of an intensified greenhouse effect. How might this affect
coral reefs?
3. There are only a few reefs of the northeast coast of Brazil, even though
it lies in the tropics. How would you explain this?
4. Spiny species of diatoms are found both in warm subtropical waters as well
as in colder areas. Because warm water is less dense than cold water, would
you predict any differences between the spines of warm-water and cold-water
individuals? Why?
5. The deep-sea floor has been considered as a potential site for the
disposal of toxic and radioactive wastes. What questions about the biology,
geology, and chemistry of the deep-sea environment do you think should be
answered before such plans are approved?
6. The mariculture of many food species is expensive, and often only
high-priced species are raised. This type of mariculture is of little help to
the poor nations where food is needed the most. What measures and new
developments might help increase the value of mariculture to these poor
nations?
7. What is “upwelling”? How is it formed? Point the types of upwelling.
8. Describe at least 4 types of fishing methods (or gears) and possible or
targeted marine species caught by these 4 methods (or gears).
9. Please describe the types of estuaries and their possible origins and give
at least one example for each type.
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