作者: Naiveprince (蹠) 看板: NTURugbyTeam
標題: the laws...
時間: Thu Apr 13 10:32:14 2000
架構.
Object of the Game
Instructions and Notes of The Laws
Declaration of Amateurism
DEFINITIONS
LAW 1. GROUND
LAW 2. BALL
LAW 3. NUMBER OF PLAYERS
LAW 4. PLAYERS' DRESS
LAW 5. TOSS, TIME
LAW 6. REFEREE AND TOUCH JUDGES
LAW 7. MODE OF PLAY
LAW 8. ADVANTAGE
LAW 9. BALL OR PLAYER TOUCHING REFEREE
LAW 10. KICK-OFF
LAW 11. METHOD OF SCORING
LAW 12. TRY AND TOUCH-DOWN
LAW 13. KICK AT GOAL AFTER A TRY
LAW 14. IN-GOAL
LAW 15. DROP-OUT
LAW 16. FAIR-CATCH (MARK)
LAW 17. KNOCK-ON OR THROW-FORWARD
LAW 18. TACKLE, LYING WITH, ON OR NEAR THE BALL
LAW 19. LYING WITH, ON OR NEAR THE BALL
LAW 20. SCRUMMAGE
LAW 21. RUCK
LAW 22. MAUL
LAW 23. TOUCH AND LINE-OUT
LAW 24. OFF-SIDE
LAW 25. ON-SIDE
LAW 26. FOUL PLAY
LAW 27. PENALTY KICK
LAW 28. FREE KICK
Object of the Game
The Object of the Game is that two teams of fifteen players each, observing
fair play according to the Laws and a sporting spirit, should by carrying,
passing, kicking and grounding the ball score as many points as possible,
the team scoring the greater number of points to be the winner of the match.
兩邊各15人的橄欖球隊在一場橄欖球比賽的目標就是以公平比賽的原則遵守著橄欖球規
則以及運動家的精神,用持球,傳球給隊友,踢球,以及使球在地上滾進的各種技巧,盡可能
的取得分數,並且以得分數較多的球隊取得勝利的判定方式完成這場橄欖球比賽.
Instructions and Notes of The Laws
The Laws of the Game are complete and contain all that is necessary to
enable the game to be played correctly and fairly. Nevertheless, in a
complex game where so many diverse situations can arise, the Board finds
it necessary to instruct all concerned as to the meaning and effect of
some of the Laws, and to add emphasis to duties which the Laws place on
the referee. This is all the more necessary because lack of uniformity
in referees' decisions is bad for the game.
橄欖球的規則可完整的使一場橄欖球賽正確且公平的進行.然而,比賽過程是很錯綜複
雜的,變化多端的各種情況皆有可能發生,因此IRB發現將各項規則予以統一的指示制定
並且加強規則在裁判所需負的責任中的重要性是必要的.畢竟一項連執法的裁判都沒有
對規則的共識的比賽是無法順暢的進行的.
These instructions and Notes are, therefore, issued by the International
Rugby Football Board so that all concerned in every country may follow a
consistent and uniform practice.
It is the duty of the referee (Law 6A 3) to apply fairly the Laws of the
Game without any variation or omission. Equally, the referee is obliged
to follow the instructions and guidelines herein laid down by the
International Board.
因此,IRB(或IRFB)發行了一套在各個國家都通用的橄欖球規則,這樣所有橄欖球比賽
才可以在一個一致且協調的規律下進行.
而裁判的責任則是在於在比賽中公平,完整的將規則應用在任何可能的比賽情況發生
時.所以,裁判也同樣要遵守IRB發行的規則,協助比賽進行.
Declaration of Amateurism
The game is an amateur game. No one is allowed to seek or receive payment
or other material reward for taking part in the Game.
此條乃關於橄欖球的業餘宣言.橄欖球比賽在精神上被視為一種業餘的比賽.任何一
位球員有為了收受利益或是其他物質上的回報而參加橄欖球比賽的行為都是不被允許
的.不過在職業運動風行的現代,這項精神似已式微.
LAW 1. GROUND
The field-of-play is the area as shown on the plan, bounded by, but not
including, the goal lines and touch lines.
The playing area is the field-of-play and In-goal.
The playing enclosure is the playing area and a reasonable area
surrounding it.
The Plan, including all words and figures thereon, is to take effect as
part of these Laws.
The Terms appearing on the Plan are to bear their apparent meaning and
to be deemed part of the definitions as if separately included.
(1) All lines shown on the plan must be suitably marked out. The touch
lines are in touch.The goal lines are in In-goal. The dead-ball line
is not in In-goal .The touch-in-goal lines and corner posts are in
touch-in-goal.
The goal posts are to be erected in the goal lines. The 22 meters
lines are in the 22 meters areas.
(2) The game must be played on a ground of the area (maximum) shown on
the plan and marked in accordance with the plan. The surface must be
grass-covered or, where this is not available, clay or sand provided
the surface is not of dangerous hardness.
(3) Any objection by the visiting team about the ground or the way in
which it is marked out must be made to the referee before the first
kick-off.If teams cannot agree as to the safety of the ground the
referee will decide whether the game may begin. If there is any doubt
as to the safety of the ground the referee will not allow the game to
begin until the ground has been made safe.
關於場地的問題,有一張附圖.見圖參解,比再多文字上的解釋都要來得有用.
而IRB公定的場地圖的效力等同規則,以下便針對此圖及其規定做一些註解.
比賽場(field-of-play)是一塊被達陣線(goal-lines)以及邊線(touch-line)圍繞
而成的矩形但比賽場不包括達陣線以及邊線,亦即,球員持球以其身體之一部分,或是
球本身,觸及邊線或達陣線的話,將發生效力.
比賽進行區(playing area)包括比賽場(field-of-play)以及達陣區(In-goal).
而賽場的完整區域(playing enclosure)除了比賽進行區以外,應該還要包括一段合
理的範圍以使比賽順利進行.(註:主隊有義務將比賽場地外五公尺以上的範圍以障礙
物或圍欄等方式限制觀眾接近比賽場地.)
劃分比賽進行區域(playing area)的三條重要的場地線應該適當的在場上被標示出
來.而場地線代表的效力分別是,邊線(touch lines)及以外算是出界(in touch),達
陣線(goal lines)及死球線(dead-ball line)間的區域為達陣區(In-goal),達陣區
邊線(touch-in-goal lines)及角旗(corner posts)以外的區域是達陣區界外(touch-
in-goal).二十二碼線(22 meters lines)以內則是二十二公尺區(22 meters areas).
以及,球門竿(goal posts)必須垂直設立於達陣線上.
賽場的寬度在兩邊線間的距離應該不超過七十公尺.而賽場的長度在兩方達陣區之間
不超過一百公尺,並且達陣區的長度應大於十公尺,小於二十二公尺.場上尚須以虛線
標明開球十公尺線及邊線五公尺線,以長折線標明邊線十五公尺線及陣前五公尺線.以
長連續線標明中線(Half-way-line).
球門竿上橫竿應離地面三公尺.而兩垂直竿之間的距離為五點六公尺,並且高度應在
三點四公尺以上.
比賽的廣場必須被草地覆蓋,或是在不具危險性的沙地或土地上進行比賽.此外,對於
在比賽場地上的廣告塗鴉是不被允許的.
任何客隊對主隊準備之場所的異議必須在比賽開球前告知裁判.而任何在場地上對比
賽的安全有危害的情況均不允許比賽,而由裁判決定此比賽是否以及何時可恢復進行.
LAW 2. BALL
(1) The ball when new shall be oval in shape, of four panels and of the
following dimensions:
Length in line ..............................280 to 300 mm
Circumference (end on) ......................760 to 790 mm
Circumference (in width) ....................580 to 620 mm
Weight ......................................400 to 440 gms
Note:-(i)The ball, at commencement of play, should have a pressure at
sea level of 91/2-10lbs per square inch or 0.67-0.70 kilograms
per square centimetre.
(2) The dimensions of the ball may be reduced only for younger schoolboys.
(3) Balls may be specially treated to make them resistant to mud and easier
to grip. The casings need not be of leather.
Note:-(ii)It is permissible to have spare balls available during a match,
but a team may not gain or attempt to gain an unfair advantage
through their use or by changing them.
比賽用球為橢圓形,四片葉,並且在尺寸,周長,重量,寬度,甚至大氣壓力,各方面都必
須要合於一定的規格.材質上不限於皮質,但必須要能夠防泥土,使球員在比賽時能夠
輕易的抓牢.比賽時除了場上進行中的用球外,亦可準備備用球以供更換,但以在更換
或使用備用球時不使任何一方獲得不正當的利益為限.另外,為了青少年的橄欖球比賽,
在比賽用球方面,亦有專門為青少年所設定的規格.
LAW 3. THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS AND THE REPLACEMENT OF PLAYERS
Number of Players in a Team
(1) A Team shall comprise:
(a) no more than fifteen players on the playing area
(b) a number of players for replacement / substitution as authorised
by the Laws of the Game.
(2) When a Union authorises matches to be played with fewer than fifteen
players per team, the Laws of the Game shall apply except that there
will be no fewer than three players per team in the scrummage at all
times.
Note:-(i)Seven-a-Side games are covered by the standard set of variations
adopted for this type of game.
(3) Any objection by either team as regards the number of players in a
team may be made to the referee at any time but objections shall
not affect any score previously obtained.
Nomination of players for replacement / substitution.
(4) For International matches a Union may nominate up to seven
replacements/substitutes.
For other matches the number of replacements / substitutes is the
responsibility of the Union having jurisdiction over the match
provided they otherwise comply with the Laws of the Game.
Nominated players and replacements / substitutes of a team.
(5) A team must include suitably trained / experienced players as follows:
(a) if a team nominates 16, 17 or 18 players it must have at least
four players who can play in front row positions;
(b) if a team nominates 19, 20, 21 or 22 players, it must have at
least five players who can play in front row positions.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Add a new Section 13
5 (c) if a team nominates 22 players, it must have at least six players
who can play in the front row and there must be replacement cover
for the loose head prop, hooker and tight head prop;
(d) if a team nominates more than 22 players it must have six players
who can play in the front row in order that there is replacement
cover for the loose head prop, hooker and tight head prop and there
must be three players who can play in lock positions.
Injured Player and his Replacement
(6) An injured player should stop playing and be replaced as follows:
(a) On the account of a bleeding or open wound the player must leave
the playing area until such time as the bleeding is controlled and
the wound is covered or dressed; the replacement of the player is
temporary but, if he is unable to resume playing, the replacement
becomes permanent.
(b) On the account of any other type of injury; if the referee is
advised by a doctor or other medically trained person or for any
other reason considers that a player is so injured that it would
be harmful for him to continue playing, the referee shall require
the player to leave the playing area. For this purpose the referee
may also require a player to leave the field to be examined
medically.
(7) An injured player who has been permanently replaced must NOT resume
playing.
(8) The replacement of an injured player may be made on the following
advice:
(a) in matches in which a national representative team is playing,
by a medical practitioner only.
(b) in other matches, by a medically trained person, or if a medically
trained person is not present, by a request from the team's captain
to the referee.
(9) The replacement of an injured player shall be made only when the ball
is dead and with the permission of the referee. The referee should not
permit a player to resume until the ball is dead.
Substituted Players
(10) Up to two substitutes of front row players and up to five substitutes
of the other players may be made for any reason only when the ball is
dead and with the permission of the referee.
(11) Players who have been substituted may not re-enter the match even
to replace an injured player except in the case of a player having
a bleeding or open wound. or for an injured front row player if no
other suitably trained replacement is available.
(12) In the event of a front row forward being ordered off, the referee,
in the interests of safety, will confer with the captain of his team
to determine whether another player is suitably trained / experienced
to take his position; if not the captain shall nominate one other
forward to leave the playing area and the referee will permit a
substitute front row forward to replace him. This may take place
immediately or after another player has been tried in the position.
When there is no other front row forward available due to a sequence of
players ordered off or injured of both, then the game will continue with
non-contestable scrummages which are the same as normal scrummages except
that:
* there is no contest for the ball
* the team putting in the ball must win it
* neither team is permitted to push
* the formation of both teams must be 3-4-1
* if one team is one player short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-4
formation
* if one team is two players short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-2-1
formation
* if one team is three players short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-2
formation.
(13) Players who have been substituted may replace an injured player.
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