[譯序]
前文登出之後,似乎頗有些迴響.不過,很意外的都不是關於該文重點的意見.
這或多或少都是受了我這譯者注文的影響,我想這是有點誤導的味道,也與我
想將它直譯出來的本意相違背.請注意這是陳宣毅先生的文章,而不是我這個
譯者的文章,請盡量去理解原文中想要傳達的思想.而不要把我的註解當作重
點,那只是補充說明而已,如果刪去也完全不影響原文的結構.別本末倒置了.
關於Kell與Peyer與Leister(甚至Wlach)的演奏孰好孰壞,我想是很難比較的.
放在一起比較也不太公平.
錄音的環境不同,隨著時代的改變,演奏風格也有很大的變化.
所以無所謂好不好吧.
我只能說,就我聽過的印象而言,Kell的錄音並不會差到哪裡去.
(我個人並沒有他的唱片,但我當兵時聽過一些,"歷史性"的雜音還不算大)
單就音色而論,我的喜好是Leister>Kell>Peyer. (這個結果恐怕是眾所週知吧)
(我不會用什麼"正統"派的觀點去評論,因為我只是個業餘的愛樂者,本來就很
不"正統",所以我不談音樂演奏風格本身,只談音色這種"膚淺"的"外部條件")
另外,根據原作者的意見,這一系列的文章將改名為:
[一個物理人的豎笛隨筆]
==========================================================================
[理想豎笛]
要是我以只有少數的人看得懂我在寫些啥的筆法來創作的話,我想一定會有
些傢伙很高興的評論說:"嘿嘿,這個人總算還真有幾把刷子".不過我覺得這是那些高
深莫測的教授們的做法.對我來說,如果將來我會從事學術研究的路線的話,那麼我一
定會試著做個"寬大為懷"型的教授,寫些淺顯易懂的東西.不過,也許又有人會說:"
這傢伙只會說些一點深度也沒有的東西,真是膚淺..." 嗯,正是希望我的文字能淺顯
易讀所以我才寫簡單的東西.當然啦,我的腦海中也沒法耍出些花招給大家瞧瞧.
人們都說豎笛是"閉管"樂器,可是我並未在樂器的本身上看到豎笛的哪一端
可是封閉起來的.至少它看起來像其他管樂器一般管身的兩端都是開通的.但不管怎麼
說,我們還是可以想像存在有這樣一把數學上完美的豎笛模型,讓我們在研究它的特性
時不必去理會種種牽扯不清的狀況.
接著我們就可以來吹這把理想豎笛.試想你正以這把豎笛在演奏個基頻100赫
茲的音.(100 赫茲指的是進入樂器管中的空氣以每秒一百次的頻率振動著,赫茲是頻率
的一種單位.不過不知道也沒啥大不了的.)
再來可以試著不要變換指法去讓樂器管中的空氣以更高的頻率振動,你會發現
你可以奏出下列頻率的音(包含原來100赫茲的"基頻"):
100 赫茲, 300 赫茲, 500 赫茲, 700 赫茲, 900 赫茲.....
(Tony註:這就是所謂的"基頻"與"倍頻",或說是"基音"與"泛音"的關係)
對於像我這種肉腳的業餘演奏者來說,想要吹出900赫茲(第九泛音)的那個音是
有點困難的,不過,別忘了我們現在演奏的是"理想豎笛",沒有啥是吹不出來的.
大家有沒有看出來什麼有趣的地方?----就我所知,並沒有其他的管樂器是以如
此原理發聲的.(或許你要說在南太平洋的小島上或澳洲的某處可以找到類似原理的樂器
,不過,我無意老是這麼的雞蛋裡挑骨頭.)若是同樣拿起"理想小號"或"理想長笛"來演奏
這個100赫茲基頻的音,你會發現接下來可以繼續吹出的更高頻的音是:
100 赫茲, 200 赫茲, 300 赫茲, 400 赫茲....
(至於音程與樂音頻率比之間的關係,請至精華區中查看藍大板主的大作或是找些基礎樂
理的書來看.)
所以從以上的實驗來看,何謂豎笛?所謂的"豎笛"不單只是用一片竹片發生的黑
色木管樂器.它是樂團中唯一以"閉管原理"發聲的管樂器.如果你不明白"閉管樂器"和它
只能發出奇數泛音的特性之間的關係,請詢問本版藍大板主或老賊黃老邪先生,不然就去
找你的中學自然科的老師討教.
"這有啥了不起?"也許有人會說:"這我十歲就知道啦!"
好吧,那麼下次我們來說說真的豎笛吧.
也請不要忘記這是個討論音樂的地方,所以我們很快還是會回到音樂上來的.
陳宣毅
(Tony曰:"mode"一般譯作"模態".振動學上相信物體在振動時是同時以很多個模態一起振
動的,其中頻率最低的那個模態稱為"基頻",以下稱為"第二倍頻","第三倍頻"...依此類
推.至於頻率比1:2相差八度的那些關係,精華區已見專文,不再贅述)
=============================================================================
An Idealized Clarinet
If I write things in a way such that few people know what I am talking
about, then some guys get excited and say:"hey! this person is really
smart!". That is the approach of many difficult professors. Since I will
try to be an easy professor if I can make an academic career, I write
simple things. Maybe you will say:"this guy is not talking anything DEEP,
he is shallow.....". Yeah, I am going to write simple things because I
want my words been read easily. Also I have nothing in my brain brilliant
enough to show you.
People say clarinet is a close pipe. I don't see any end of the
clarinet "close", at least its as "open" as other wind instruments.
Anyway, let's imagine there is a mathematically perfect
clarinet so that no complicated things happens when I talk about it.
Now play that perfect clarinet. Let's suppose there is a note with
fundamental frequency 100 Hz and you play it. (100 Hz means the air
inside the clarinet vibrates 100 times per second, it is not really
important at all.)
Next, try to excite higher modes, you will find the following
frequencies being produced (including the fundamental frequency):
100 Hz, 300 Hz, 500 Hz, 700 Hz, 900 Hz, ......
It will be difficult to get to 900 Hz for a player like me, but this is a
perfect world, so suppose we can play it.
What is interesting here? As far as I know, all other wind instruments
do not work in this way. (you may be able to find some wind instrument in
Pacific Islands or Australia ...., I don't want to be always precise.)
Pick up a perfect trumpet or flute and play a note with frequency 100 Hz.
The higher modes that you can excite are
100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, .........
(For the relation between the frequency ratio and the musical
interval, please check on KevinLan's article or any book on fundamental
music theory.)
So, what is a clarinet?? A clarinet is NOT a black woodwind instrument
with single reed. A clarinet is the only "closed piped" instrument that
we play in a wind band. If you don't know the relation between "closed
pipe" and the fact that only odd number modes exist, please ask KevinLan
or EastEvil, or ask your high school science teacher.
"So what! I know that since I was 10 years old!" You may say so.
OK, play a real clarinet next time.
Please remember this is a place where people talk about music. I will
go back to music soon.
Hsuan-Yi Chen
--
大夢誰先覺 平生我自知
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.csie.ntu.edu.tw)
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