[翻譯] 認識金屬樂（譯自英文維基）[3]

[coolfly (]v[EGADET]-[)]

歌詞主題
Lyrical themes

Black Sabbath and the many metal bands they inspired have concentrated
lyrically "on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto
unprecedented in any form of pop music," according to scholars David Hatch
and Stephen Millward. They take as an example Sabbath's second album Paranoid
(1970), which "included songs dealing with personal trauma—'Paranoid' and
'Fairies Wear Boots' (which described the unsavoury side effects of
drug-taking) —as well as those confronting wider issues, such as the
self-explanatory 'War Pigs' and 'Hand of Doom.'" Nuclear annihilation was
addressed in later metal songs such as Black Sabbath's "Electric Funeral",
Iron Maiden's "2 Minutes to Midnight", Ozzy Osbourne's "Killer of Giants",
Megadeth's "Rust In Peace... Polaris", and Metallica's "Fight Fire With
Fire". Death is a predominant theme in heavy metal, routinely featuring in
the lyrics of bands as otherwise widely different as Slayer and W.A.S.P. The
more extreme forms of death metal and grindcore tend to have aggressive and
gory lyrics.
根據學者David Hatch與Stephen Millward 之見，Black Sabbath與許多受其啟發的金屬
樂團，在歌詞上主要採「黑暗絕望的題材，一個流行樂迄今為止不曾採用過的範疇」。他
們以Sabbath的第二張專輯《Paranoid (1970)》為例，指出「其中有許多談論個人創傷的
歌曲──如〈Paranoid〉和〈Fairies Wear Boots〉（描述吸毒的惡性副作用）──還有
一些面對更廣大的議題，例如詞如其名的〈War Pigs〉和〈Hand of Doom〉」。「核子滅
絕」這個主題出現在稍晚的金屬樂歌曲中，例如Black Sabbath的〈Electric Funeral〉
、Iron Maiden的〈2 Minutes to Midnight〉、 Ozzy Osbourne的〈Killer of Giants〉
、Megadeth的〈Rust In Peace... Polaris〉以及Metallica的〈Fight Fire With Fire
〉。死亡是金屬樂中常見的歌詞主題，在不同類型的樂團如Slayer與W.A.S.P.歌詞中反覆
出現。死亡金屬中較極端的類型與輾核，傾向採用充滿侵略性及血腥的歌詞。

Deriving from the genre's roots in blues music, sex is another important topic
—a thread running from Led Zeppelin's suggestive lyrics to the more explicit
references of glam and nu metal bands. Romantic tragedy is a standard theme
of gothic and doom metal, as well as of nu metal, where teenage angst is
another central topic. Heavy metal songs often feature outlandish,
fantasy-inspired lyrics, lending them an escapist quality. Iron Maiden's
songs, for instance, were frequently inspired by mythology, fiction, and
poetry, such as Iron Maiden's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", based on the
Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem. Led Zeppelin lyrics often reference Lord of the
Rings as well as other mythology and folklore, such as in the songs "The
Battle of Evermore", "Immigrant Song", "Ramble On", "No Quarter", and
"Achilles Last Stand". Other examples include Black Sabbath's "The Wizard",
Megadeth's "The Conjuring" and "Five Magics", and Judas Priest's "Dreamer
Deceiver". Since the 1980s, with the rise of thrash metal and songs such as
Metallica's "...And Justice for All" and Megadeth's "Peace Sells", more metal
lyrics have included sociopolitical commentary. Genres such as melodic death
metal, progressive metal, and black metal often explore philosophical themes.
承襲自其藍調源頭，性是金屬樂中另一個重要的主題——從Led Zeppelin的暗示歌詞，到
措辭更大膽的華麗金屬與新金屬樂團一脈相承。浪漫悲劇在歌德金屬與毀滅金屬中的標準
題目，同樣還有新金屬；在後者的歌詞中，少年的苦惱是另一個中心主題。重金屬歌曲常
採用異國風情的、幻想性的歌詞，使它們具有逃避現實的特質。舉例而言，Iron Maiden
的歌詞靈感常常來自於神話、小說以及詩歌；例如Iron Maiden的〈Rime of the
Ancient Mariner〉，就是以Samuel Taylor Coleridge的詩作為基礎。Led Zeppelin的歌
詞常常參考《魔戒》，還有其他的神話及民間傳說，例如〈The Battle of Evermore〉、
〈Immigrant Song〉、〈Ramble On〉〈No Quarter〉和〈Achilles Last Stand〉等歌。
其他的例子包括Black Sabbath的〈The Wizard〉，Megadeth的〈The Conjuring〉和〈
Five Magics〉，以及Judas Priest的〈Dreamer Deceiver〉。自1980年代以降，由於鞭
笞金屬的興起，和像Metallica的《...And Justice for All》、Megadeth的《Peace
Sells》等專輯的暢銷，更多的金屬樂歌詞採用社會批判的主題。一些派別像旋律死亡金
屬、前衛金屬和黑金屬，歌詞常常探索哲學性的題目。

The thematic content of heavy metal has long been a target of criticism.
According to Jon Pareles, "Heavy metal's main subject matter is simple and
virtually universal. With grunts, moans and subliterary lyrics, it
celebrates...a party without limits.... [T]he bulk of the music is stylized
and formulaic." Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and
banal, and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and
the occult. During the 1980s, the Parents Music Resource Center petitioned
the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the
group asserted were objectionable lyrics, particularly those in heavy metal
songs. In 1990, Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two
young men who had shot themselves five years earlier, allegedly after hearing
the subliminal statement "do it" in a Priest song. While the case attracted a
great deal of media attention, it was ultimately dismissed. In some
predominantly Muslim countries, heavy metal has been officially denounced as
a threat to traditional values. In countries including Morocco, Egypt,
Lebanon, and Malaysia, there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and
fans being arrested and incarcerated.
長久以來，重金屬音樂的歌詞主題一直是輿論攻擊的目標。據Jon Pareles（譯按：《紐
約時報》的樂評）所言，「重金屬音樂的主要題材簡單，且事實上具有普世性。以嘀咕、
呻吟而通俗的歌詞，它讚美著……一場無拘無束的狂歡……它的音樂內涵是類型化且公式
化的」。樂評們常認為金屬樂的歌詞幼稚、俗濫，而其他人則視其為擁護厭女主義與神秘
學。在1980年代，家長音樂資源中心向美國國會請願，要求約束流行樂業界，管束被該組
織稱為「引人反感」的歌詞，尤其是重金屬音樂中的這類歌詞。在1990年，Judas Priest
在美國法院被兩名青年的家長提告。這兩位青年在五年前舉槍自盡，據說是因為在一首
Priest的歌裡聽到「動手（do it）」的潛意識訊息。雖然本案吸引了媒體的高度關注，
但最終遭到了駁回。在某些信仰伊斯蘭宗教為主的國家，重金屬音樂受到官方譴責，視為
對傳統價值的威脅。在一些國家如摩洛哥、埃及、黎巴嫩和馬來西亞，有時會發生重金屬
音樂家和歌迷遭逮捕拘禁的事件。

服裝造型
Image and fashion

As with much popular music, visual imagery plays a large role in heavy metal.
In addition to its sound and lyrics, a heavy metal band's "image" is
expressed in album sleeve art, logos, stage sets, clothing, and music videos.
Some heavy metal acts such as Alice Cooper, Kiss, Lordi, Slipknot, and Gwar
have become known as much for their outrageous performance personas and stage
shows as for their music.
正如大多數的流行音樂，視覺形象在重金屬音樂中扮演著重要的角色。除了音樂和歌詞以
外，一個金屬樂團的「形象」還藉由唱片封面、團徽、舞台設計、服裝以及MV呈現。有些
重金屬樂團如Alice Cooper、Kiss、Lordi、Slipknot和Gwar，其成名除了音樂以外，也
因為他們誇張的角色扮演和舞台演出。

Down-the-back long hair, according to Weinstein, is the "most crucial
distinguishing feature of metal fashion." Originally adopted from the hippie
subculture, by the 1980s and 1990s heavy metal hair "symbolised the hate,
angst and disenchantment of a generation that seemingly never felt at home,"
according to journalist Nader Rahman. Long hair gave members of the metal
community "the power they needed to rebel against nothing in general."
根據Weinstein之見，及背的長髮是「金屬樂造型中最重要的辨識特徵」。其最初來自嬉
皮次文化；而依記者Nader Rahman之見，到了1980和1990年代，金屬樂的髮型「象徵了一
個從未有過歸屬感的世代，他們的恨意、苦惱與覺醒」。長髮賦予金屬樂社群的成員「他
們所需的一股力量，藉此反抗平淡無奇」。

The classic uniform of heavy metal fans consists of "blue jeans, black
T-shirts, boots and black leather or jeans jackets.... T-shirts are generally
emblazoned with the logos or other visual representations of favorite metal
bands." Metal fans also "appropriated elements from the S&M community
(chains, metal studs, skulls, leather and crosses)." In the 1980s, a range of
sources, from punk and goth music to horror films, influenced metal fashion.
Many metal performers of the 1970s and 1980s used radically shaped and
brightly colored instruments to enhance their stage appearance. Fashion and
personal style was especially important for glam metal bands of the era.
Performers typically wore long, dyed, hairspray-teased hair (hence the
nickname, "hair metal"); makeup such as lipstick and eyeliner; gaudy
clothing, including leopard-skin-printed shirts or vests and tight denim,
leather, or spandex pants; and accessories such as headbands and jewelry.
Pioneered by the heavy metal act X Japan in the late 1980s, bands in the
Japanese movement known as visual kei—which includes many nonmetal groups—
emphasize elaborate costumes, hair, and makeup.
經典的金屬樂迷打扮，由「藍色牛仔褲、黑色T恤、靴子和黑色皮夾克或牛仔夾克組成…
…T恤通常印著愛團的團徽或其他代表性圖案」。金屬樂迷也「擷取S&M社群一些裝扮元素
（鐵鍊、金屬鉚丁、骷髏、皮衣和十字架）」。在1980年代，從龐克和歌德音樂到恐怖片
等等範疇的源頭，影響了金屬樂的服裝。許多1970年代和1980年代的金屬樂表演者，使用
造型誇張、顏色明亮的樂器去加強他們的舞台形象。服裝與個人風格對當時的華麗金屬樂
團而言格外重要，表演者們基本上頂著染色、噴膠刮澎的長髮（因此有「髮型金屬」的別
稱）；畫上眼線、口紅等化妝品；穿著誇張艷麗的服飾，包括：豹紋上衣或背心，緊身的
牛仔褲、皮褲或彈性纖維褲子，以及髮帶和珠寶等飾品。由金屬樂團X Japan在1980年代
晚期所開啟的日本「視覺系」運動──其中也包含了許多非金屬團體──則著重華麗的服
裝、髮型及化妝。

肢體動作
Physical gestures

Many metal musicians when performing live engage in headbanging, which
involves rhythmically beating time with the head, often emphasized by long
hair. The corna, or devil horns, hand gesture, also widespread, was
popularized by vocalist Ronnie James Dio while with Black Sabbath and Dio.
Although Gene Simmons of Kiss claims to have been the first to make the
gesture on the 1977 Love Gun album cover, there is speculation as to who
started the phenomenon.
許多金屬樂音樂家在現場演出時會甩頭，這是配合節奏擺動頭部的動作，通常藉由長髮來
強調。由Dio在Black Sabbath時期所推廣的冠型──或者被稱為「惡魔角」──的手勢，
也相當普及。然而Kiss的Gene Simmons聲稱他在1977年的《Love Gun》專輯封面率先使用
這個手勢，到底是誰開啟這個風潮的，還有思考的空間。

Attendees of metal concerts do not dance in the usual sense; Deena Weinstein
has argued that this is due to the music's largely male audience and "extreme
heterosexualist ideology." She identifies two primary body movements that
substitute for dancing: headbanging and an arm thrust that is both a sign of
appreciation and a rhythmic gesture. The performance of air guitar is popular
among metal fans both at concerts and listening to records at home. Other
concert audience activities include stage diving, crowd surfing, pushing and
shoving in a chaotic mêlée called moshing, and displaying the corna hand
symbol.
金屬樂演唱會的參加者通常並不跳舞，Deena Weinstein認為這是因為其聽眾大多數為男
性，並且擁有「極端強烈的異性戀意識形態」。她主張有兩項主要的肢體運動取代了舞蹈
：甩頭和揮舞手臂，後者是喜愛音樂的象徵和對節奏的反應動作。演奏「隱形吉他（air
guitar）」也是金屬樂迷在演唱會上或於家中聽專輯時常有的舉動。其他的演唱會聽眾行
為，還包括了舞台跳水、人體衝浪，和在混亂中推擠，稱為「衝撞」；以及比出惡魔角手
勢。

（待續）

--
      I had nothing but the embittered sun...
      我一無所有，除卻那怨毒的太陽……

--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 114.38.89.21
推 Gotthard:跨年夜依舊孜孜矻矻進行「全球智慧中文化」大業的酷飛姐~
   沒啥喜歡的跨年節目  所以就來趕工翻譯囉～XD
推 yesno1011:推
推 WeickChen:大推!
推 a411120:\m/
※ 編輯: coolfly         來自: 114.41.115.128       (01/01 16:47)
推 lordlpg:Deena Weistein的書買到現在都沒翻過ㄆㄆ
推 rdennis1992:屌哥
推 Mayhem:我想補充一些內容討論，但最近真的太忙可能要等除夕後..囧>
→ coolfly:小含辛苦了~預先感謝補充內容!!
推 Gotthard:期待含版主過年期間大噴發~~~