國立清華大學92學年度外國語文學系轉學生招生考試
科目：英語語言學概論
I
(1) [-voice]
(2) [+high]
(3) [+bilabial]
(4) [-nasal, -lateral ]
(5) [-back]
II
/z/↗[s] / [+consonantal, -voice] __ ﹟
→["z]/ [+consonantal, +strident, -labial] __﹟
↘[z] / elsewhere
III
1. Soup doesn't belong to the group because while the rest of the group share
the property of being object, soup denotes liquid.
2. Swim doesn't belong to the group because while the rest of the group take
place on the ground, swim occurs in water.
3. Dead doesn't belong to the group because while the rest of the group
describe a living man, dead denotes a man who passed away.
4. Chalk is different from the rest of the group. The rest of the group are
printed paper bound together while chalk is used to write on blackboard.
5. I have no idea.
IV
Greek: tragedy, theater
Latin: logic, agenda
V
Synthetic language is a language whose words are made up of free morphemes
and bound affixes. By studying the bound affixes, we can know the grammatical
function of the word. That is, in old English, though the word order is
disturbed, we still can know which is the subject, and which is the object.
In analytic language, it builds up the sentence's meaning by the combination
of free morphemes, and it rarely uses bound affixes. In modern English, we
have to know the meaning by the word order. For example, the dog chases the
cat, we know it is the dog doing the action; if the sentence is ---the cat
chases the dog, it is the cat chasing the dog. We have to know the meaning
by the word order. However, in old English, we don't Oa
VI
[t] and [d] are allophones of the same phoneme. /t/→[d]/ V__V. [n] and [N]
are also allophones of the same phoneme. /n/→[N]/ __ [+consonantal, +velar].
Either the first one or the second is a kind of assimilation. The first one
VII
1. V +ment (establish +ment, apart +ment ); V +ion (transact +ion, adopt +ion)
2. en+ N (en+ amor, en+ cage); de+ N (de+ gas, de+ germ)
3. V +ful (hope +ful, harm +ful); V +less (use +less, reck +less)
4. A +ness (sad +ness, black +ness); A+ist (kinetic +ist, eugenic +ist)
5. im+ A (im +possible, im +polite); dis+ V (dis+ appear, dis+ affect)
VIII
Syntactically, given the data above, we will have the following conclusion.
First, in the imperative sentence, the subject allowed in the clause must be
"you." As a result, (m) and (p) are ill-formed. Second, the subject, you, can
be omitted in the imperative sentence. Third, the reflexive must be
"yourself." As a result, (c), (f), (h), (k), and (o) are ungrammatical.
Fourth, the pronoun should be in the reflexive form, so (e) is not allowed.
Finally, the tense of the imperative must be present;
therefore, (g) is not permissible.
Semantically, because the omitted subject and the reflexive pronoun should
refer to the same person within one clause, the reflexive must be "yourself."
That is why (c), (f), (h), (k), and (o) are not allowed. Let me explain
specifically, for example in (c): Take care of himself! The reflexive should
find a proper antecedent within one clause; that is, the subject with
[+third person, +male, - plural]. However, we have known the subject of
the imperative must be YOU, so it is impossible to find a proper
subject for "himself." Then, why (e) is ungrammatical? That is because if
the subject and the following pronoun refer to the same person, the pronoun
should become reflexive. Moreover, only dynamic verbs have the imperative:
*know [+state] the answer is ill-formed.
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