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╔════╗ ║題目內容╠════════════════════════════════ ╚════╝ 原文題目:Scientists dig for lessons from past pandemics  題目譯文:溫故可知新:科學家從過去的大流行中汲取經驗 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第一段│ └───┘  原 文: If there's a blessing in the current swine flu epidemic, it's how benign the illness seems to be outside the central disease cluster in Mexico. But history offers a dark warning to anyone ready to write off the 2009 ^^^^^(1) H1N1 virus. 譯 文: 若要說目前新流感有什麼值得慶幸的事情,那就是除了在流感肆虐的墨西哥外,疫情 似乎還不嚴重。但過去的經驗也提供了警訊,輕易忽略今年H1N1病毒的人不可掉以輕 心。 1.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第二段│ └───┘  原 文:  In each of the four major pandemics since 1889, a spring wave of relatively  mild illness was followed by a second wave, a few months later, of a much  more virulent disease. This was true in 1889, 1957, 1968 and in the  catastrophic flu outbreak of 1918, which sickened an estimated third of  the world's population and killed, conservatively, 50 million people.  譯 文: 一八八九年以降共發生四次全球大流行,每次流行皆於春季爆發且較輕微,數個月後才 爆發更猛烈的第二波疫情。一八八九年、一九五七年、一九六八年、以及一九一八年爆 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 發的劇烈流感皆徐循此模式,其中一九一八年的流感造成全球約三分之一的人口感染, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(2) 保守估計至少奪走了五千萬條生命。 2.譯文有造成誤解之可能。catastrophic flu outbreak 主要指 1918 年的大流行。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第三段│ └───┘  原 文:  Lone Simonson, an epidemiologist at the National Institutes of Health,  who has studied the course of prior pandemics in both the United States  and her native Denmark, says, "The good news from past pandemics,  in several experiences, is that the majority of deaths have happened not  in the first wave, but later." Based on this, Simonson suggests there may  be time to develop an effective vaccine before a second, more virulent  strain, begins to circulate.  譯 文: 於美國國家衛生研究院任職的流行病學家蘿恩西蒙森﹝Lone Simonson﹞,曾研究美國 和她故鄉丹麥上一次大流行爆發的演變過程,她表示:「從過去數次的經驗來看,好 ^^^^(3) 消息是大規模的死亡都不是在第一波的時候發生,而是在第二波。」根據此一說法,西 蒙森認為,在第二波更猛烈的病毒開始肆虐人群之前,應有足夠的時間研發強效疫苗。 ^(4) 3.誤譯。 4.may 僅假設,並未肯定。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第四段│ └───┘  原 文:  As swine flu -- also known as the 2009 version of the H1N1 flu strain --  spreads, Simonson and other health experts are diving into the history  books for clues about how the outbreak might unfold -- and, more  importantly, how it might be contained. In fact, the official Pandemic  Influenza Operation Plan, or O-Plan, of the U.S. Centers for Disease  Control and Prevention, is based in large part on a history lesson --  research organized by pediatrician and medical historian Dr. Howard  Markel of the University of Michigan.  譯 文: 就在新流感擴散﹝亦稱2009年的H1N1流感病毒株﹞的同時,西蒙森及其他衛生專家 正埋首書堆,試圖找出過去疫情爆發的來龍去脈,更重要的是,他們要了解該如何 防堵疫情爆發。事實上,美國疾病管理局正式提出的全球流感防治計畫﹝或稱為O計 畫﹞,主要就是基於過去的經驗設立的,並由密西根大學身兼小兒科醫師和醫療歷 史學者的霍爾.馬可﹝Howard Markel﹞進行研究組織的工作。 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 5.意思是由其負責研究工作的組織(如規劃、監督等)。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第五段│ └───┘  原 文:  A cheerful man with thick-rimmed black glasses and a professor's manner,  Markel was tapped by the CDC to study what worked and what didn't during  the 1918 flu disaster. Markel and colleagues examined 43 cities and found  that so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions -- steps such as quarantines  and school closings -- were remarkably successful in tamping down the  outbreak. "They don't make the population immune, but they buy you time, ^^^^^^^(6) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(7)  either by preventing influenza from getting into the community or slowing ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  down the spread," Markel told CNN. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^(8)  譯 文: 性情愉悅的馬可戴著黑色粗框眼鏡,言行舉止宛如一位教授,他受中央疾管局之託, 研究一九一八年流感爆發時採取的措施有何成效。馬可及其同事檢驗了四十三個城市 的資料,發現像是隔離、關閉學校等所謂非藥物的介入措施,對於防治疫情相當有用 。馬可告訴CNN:「不需要讓人民對疾病免疫,只要不讓疾病擴散到人口居住的地方, 或是讓擴散的速度趨緩,就能夠爭取更多的時間。」 6.誤譯。  7.誤譯。 8.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第六段│ └───┘  原 文:  Markel describes a dramatic example in the mining town of Gunnison,  Colorado. In 1918, town leaders built a veritable barricade, closing ^^^^^^^  down the railroad station and blocking all roads into town. Four thousand ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(9)  townspeople lived on stockpiled supplies and food from hunting or fishing.  For three and a half months, while influenza raged in nearly every city  in America, Gunnison saw not a single case of flu -- not until the spring,  when roads were reopened and a handful of residents fell sick.  譯 文: 馬可舉了一個比較極端的例子。美國科羅拉多州有個礦城甘尼森﹝Gunnison﹞,在 一九一八年流感爆發的時候,鎮上的官員在該城設立了路障,封閉城裡對外聯絡的 鐵公路。四千位鎮民仰賴儲備的食物或是透過漁獵維生,因此三個半月以來,就算 美國所有城市幾乎無一倖免,唯獨甘尼森城裡無人感染。但是到了春天道路重新開 放後,幾個居民卻又染上了病。   ^^(10) ^^(10) 9.誤譯。 10.誤譯。 ╔════╗ ║題目結尾╠════════════════════════════════ ╰════╯ 評分: ┌───────┬──┬──┬──────────────────────┐ │錯誤類型及扣分│次數│扣分│   相    關    項    目   │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │重大錯誤(-5)│ 6 │ 30 │1,3,6-9 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │中等錯誤(-3)│ 3 │ 9 │4,5,10 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │輕微錯誤(-1)│ 1 │ 1 │2 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │過度解讀(-0)│ │ │ │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │小     計│ 10 │ 40 │ │ └───────┴──┴──┴──────────────────────┘ 專業審結果:60 分。 1.誤譯。 2.譯文有造成誤解之可能。catastrophic flu outbreak 主要指 1918 年的大流行。 3.誤譯。 4.may 僅假設,並未肯定。 5.誤譯。 6.誤譯。  7.誤譯。 8.誤譯。  9.誤譯。 10.誤譯。