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原文題目:Scientists dig for lessons from past pandemics
題目譯文:豬流感來勢洶洶,科學家師從前鑑
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原 文:
If there's a blessing in the current swine flu epidemic, it's how benign
the illness seems to be outside the central disease cluster in Mexico.
But history offers a dark warning to anyone ready to write off the 2009
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
H1N1 virus.
^^^^^^^^^^
譯 文:
在豬流感橫掃全球的當前,除墨西哥高危險疫區,其他地方尚未傳出
嚴重災情,可以說是不幸中的大幸。但過去的歷史已經告訴我們,絕
不能因此而輕忽了它。
1.漏譯。
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原 文:
In each of the four major pandemics since 1889, a spring wave of relatively
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(2)
mild illness was followed by a second wave, a few months later, of a much
more virulent disease. This was true in 1889, 1957, 1968 and in the
^^^^(3)
catastrophic flu outbreak of 1918, which sickened an estimated third of
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
the world's population and killed, conservatively, 50 million people.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(4)
譯 文:
自1989年後的四大傳染病,初期都只是輕微春季流感,但數個月後緊
接而來的,卻是第二波更為致命的症狀。1889、1957、及1968年都曾
發生過。尤以1918年的流感爆發最為嚴重,致使全球三分之一,保守
估計約為五千萬的人染病身亡。
2.誤譯。
3.誤譯。
4.誤譯。
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原 文:
Lone Simonson, an epidemiologist at the National Institutes of Health,
who has studied the course of prior pandemics in both the United States
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
and her native Denmark, says, "The good news from past pandemics,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(5)
in several experiences, is that the majority of deaths have happened not
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
in the first wave, but later." Based on this, Simonson suggests there may
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(6)
be time to develop an effective vaccine before a second, more virulent
strain, begins to circulate.
譯 文:
曾在美國及她祖國丹麥研讀歷來傳染病的席蒙生(Lone Simonsen) —
喬治華盛頓大學的流行病學家,表示:「從過去的經驗來看,好消息是,
第一波疫情並不會出現大量的人口死亡(高致死率),而是在那之後。」
根據這點,她推估在第二波開始擴大前,或許有時間可以研發出有效
的疫苗。
5.誤譯。
6.誤譯。
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原 文:
As swine flu -- also known as the 2009 version of the H1N1 flu strain --
^^^^^^^^^(7)
spreads, Simonson and other health experts are diving into the history
^^^^^(7)
books for clues about how the outbreak might unfold -- and, more
importantly, how it might be contained. In fact, the official Pandemic
Influenza Operation Plan, or O-Plan, of the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, is based in large part on a history lesson --
research organized by pediatrician and medical historian Dr. Howard
Markel of the University of Michigan.
譯 文:
豬流感(又稱H1N1新型流感)的爆發,席蒙生及其他健康專家正
試圖從歷史典籍中,找尋能阻止疫情擴散及抑制病情的方法。事實
上,美國疾病管制中心的流感大流行實施計畫(簡稱為流感計畫),
就是借鏡自全球流感史而制定的。研究者是小兒科醫師兼醫療史學
家的馬克爾教授(任教於密西根大學)。
7.誤譯。
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原 文:
A cheerful man with thick-rimmed black glasses and a professor's manner,
Markel was tapped by the CDC to study what worked and what didn't during
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(8)
the 1918 flu disaster. Markel and colleagues examined 43 cities and found
that so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions -- steps such as quarantines
and school closings -- were remarkably successful in tamping down the
outbreak. "They don't make the population immune, but they buy you time,
either by preventing influenza from getting into the community or slowing
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
down the spread," Markel told CNN.
^^^^^^^^^^^^(9)
譯 文:
帶著黑粗框眼鏡,熱情開朗又溫文儒雅的馬克爾,被疾控中心指派,針
對1918年的流感進行因應方法的搜索。他跟同事在研究了43個城鎮
後,發現了所謂的「非醫療介入」,像是病例隔離及學校停課等措施,
皆能有效控制疫情的擴張。「雖不能使人們免疫,但至少能為預防流感
滲入家園,或是減緩其蔓延多爭取些時間」 馬克爾說。
8.誤譯。
9.誤譯。
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原 文:
Markel describes a dramatic example in the mining town of Gunnison,
Colorado. In 1918, town leaders built a veritable barricade, closing
down the railroad station and blocking all roads into town. Four thousand
townspeople lived on stockpiled supplies and food from hunting or fishing.
For three and a half months, while influenza raged in nearly every city
in America, Gunnison saw not a single case of flu -- not until the spring,
when roads were reopened and a handful of residents fell sick.
譯 文:
他舉了一個具戲劇性發展的實例,那是發生在科羅拉多甘尼生的煤礦小
鎮。1918年,當地鎮長實行閉關鎖「鎮」策略,關閉火車站並封鎖所有
通往鎮上的道路。四千位鎮民靠著儲備的物資及漁獵所捕獲的食物過
活。之後的三個半月,當流感幾乎襲捲美國各大城市時,甘尼生卻沒有
任何的病例傳出。一直要到對外交通重新開放後,少部分的居民才因此
^^^^^^
而染病。
^^^^(10)
10.過度解讀。
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║題目結尾╠════════════════════════════════
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評分:
┌───────┬──┬──┬──────────────────────┐
│錯誤類型及扣分│次數│扣分│ 相 關 項 目 │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│重大錯誤(-5)│ 7 │ 35 │2-8 │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│中等錯誤(-3)│ 2 │ 6 │1,9 │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│輕微錯誤(-1)│ │ │ │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│過度解讀(-0)│ 1 │ 0 │10 │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│小 計│ 10 │ 41 │ │
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專業審結果:59 分。
1.漏譯。
2.誤譯。
3.誤譯。
4.誤譯。
5.誤譯。
6.誤譯。
7.誤譯。
8.誤譯。
9.誤譯。
10.過度解讀。