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╔════╗ ║題目內容╠════════════════════════════════ ╚════╝ 原文題目:Scientists dig for lessons from past pandemics  題目譯文:豬流感來勢洶洶,科學家師從前鑑 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第一段│ └───┘  原 文: If there's a blessing in the current swine flu epidemic, it's how benign the illness seems to be outside the central disease cluster in Mexico. But history offers a dark warning to anyone ready to write off the 2009 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ H1N1 virus. ^^^^^^^^^^ 譯 文: 在豬流感橫掃全球的當前,除墨西哥高危險疫區,其他地方尚未傳出 嚴重災情,可以說是不幸中的大幸。但過去的歷史已經告訴我們,絕 不能因此而輕忽了它。 1.漏譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第二段│ └───┘  原 文:  In each of the four major pandemics since 1889, a spring wave of relatively ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(2)  mild illness was followed by a second wave, a few months later, of a much  more virulent disease. This was true in 1889, 1957, 1968 and in the ^^^^(3)  catastrophic flu outbreak of 1918, which sickened an estimated third of ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  the world's population and killed, conservatively, 50 million people. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(4)  譯 文: 自1989年後的四大傳染病,初期都只是輕微春季流感,但數個月後緊 接而來的,卻是第二波更為致命的症狀。1889、1957、及1968年都曾 發生過。尤以1918年的流感爆發最為嚴重,致使全球三分之一,保守 估計約為五千萬的人染病身亡。 2.誤譯。  3.誤譯。 4.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第三段│ └───┘  原 文:  Lone Simonson, an epidemiologist at the National Institutes of Health,  who has studied the course of prior pandemics in both the United States ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  and her native Denmark, says, "The good news from past pandemics, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(5)  in several experiences, is that the majority of deaths have happened not ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  in the first wave, but later." Based on this, Simonson suggests there may ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(6)  be time to develop an effective vaccine before a second, more virulent  strain, begins to circulate.  譯 文: 曾在美國及她祖國丹麥研讀歷來傳染病的席蒙生(Lone Simonsen) — 喬治華盛頓大學的流行病學家,表示:「從過去的經驗來看,好消息是, 第一波疫情並不會出現大量的人口死亡(高致死率),而是在那之後。」 根據這點,她推估在第二波開始擴大前,或許有時間可以研發出有效 的疫苗。 5.誤譯。 6.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第四段│ └───┘  原 文:  As swine flu -- also known as the 2009 version of the H1N1 flu strain -- ^^^^^^^^^(7)  spreads, Simonson and other health experts are diving into the history ^^^^^(7)  books for clues about how the outbreak might unfold -- and, more  importantly, how it might be contained. In fact, the official Pandemic  Influenza Operation Plan, or O-Plan, of the U.S. Centers for Disease  Control and Prevention, is based in large part on a history lesson --  research organized by pediatrician and medical historian Dr. Howard  Markel of the University of Michigan.  譯 文: 豬流感(又稱H1N1新型流感)的爆發,席蒙生及其他健康專家正 試圖從歷史典籍中,找尋能阻止疫情擴散及抑制病情的方法。事實 上,美國疾病管制中心的流感大流行實施計畫(簡稱為流感計畫), 就是借鏡自全球流感史而制定的。研究者是小兒科醫師兼醫療史學 家的馬克爾教授(任教於密西根大學)。 7.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第五段│ └───┘  原 文:  A cheerful man with thick-rimmed black glasses and a professor's manner,  Markel was tapped by the CDC to study what worked and what didn't during ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(8)  the 1918 flu disaster. Markel and colleagues examined 43 cities and found  that so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions -- steps such as quarantines  and school closings -- were remarkably successful in tamping down the  outbreak. "They don't make the population immune, but they buy you time,  either by preventing influenza from getting into the community or slowing ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  down the spread," Markel told CNN. ^^^^^^^^^^^^(9)  譯 文: 帶著黑粗框眼鏡,熱情開朗又溫文儒雅的馬克爾,被疾控中心指派,針 對1918年的流感進行因應方法的搜索。他跟同事在研究了43個城鎮 後,發現了所謂的「非醫療介入」,像是病例隔離及學校停課等措施, 皆能有效控制疫情的擴張。「雖不能使人們免疫,但至少能為預防流感 滲入家園,或是減緩其蔓延多爭取些時間」 馬克爾說。 8.誤譯。 9.誤譯。 ┌───┬───────────────────────────────── │第六段│ └───┘  原 文:  Markel describes a dramatic example in the mining town of Gunnison,  Colorado. In 1918, town leaders built a veritable barricade, closing  down the railroad station and blocking all roads into town. Four thousand  townspeople lived on stockpiled supplies and food from hunting or fishing.  For three and a half months, while influenza raged in nearly every city  in America, Gunnison saw not a single case of flu -- not until the spring,  when roads were reopened and a handful of residents fell sick.  譯 文: 他舉了一個具戲劇性發展的實例,那是發生在科羅拉多甘尼生的煤礦小 鎮。1918年,當地鎮長實行閉關鎖「鎮」策略,關閉火車站並封鎖所有 通往鎮上的道路。四千位鎮民靠著儲備的物資及漁獵所捕獲的食物過 活。之後的三個半月,當流感幾乎襲捲美國各大城市時,甘尼生卻沒有 任何的病例傳出。一直要到對外交通重新開放後,少部分的居民才因此 ^^^^^^ 而染病。 ^^^^(10) 10.過度解讀。 ╔════╗ ║題目結尾╠════════════════════════════════ ╰════╯ 評分: ┌───────┬──┬──┬──────────────────────┐ │錯誤類型及扣分│次數│扣分│   相    關    項    目   │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │重大錯誤(-5)│ 7 │ 35 │2-8 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │中等錯誤(-3)│ 2 │ 6 │1,9 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │輕微錯誤(-1)│ │ │ │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │過度解讀(-0)│ 1 │ 0 │10 │ ├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤ │小     計│ 10 │ 41 │ │ └───────┴──┴──┴──────────────────────┘ 專業審結果:59 分。 1.漏譯。 2.誤譯。 3.誤譯。 4.誤譯。 5.誤譯。 6.誤譯。  7.誤譯。 8.誤譯。  9.誤譯。 10.過度解讀。