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: 原文題目：Scientists dig for lessons from past pandemics
: 題目譯文：科學家們探思過去流行病所帶給我們的課題
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: 原 文：
: If there's a blessing in the current swine flu epidemic, it's how benign
: the illness seems to be outside the central disease cluster in Mexico.
: But history offers a dark warning to anyone ready to write off the 2009
: H1N1 virus.
: 譯 文：在險嘯流行性疾病中是否存在著祝福，
這就是那些似乎圍繞在墨西哥群聚疾病中心的病症如何開始的
但是歷史為人提供了一個準備註銷2009年H1N1豬流感的黑暗警告
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: 原 文：
: In each of the four major pandemics since 1889, a spring wave of relatively
: mild illness was followed by a second wave, a few months later, of a much
: more virulent disease. This was true in 1889, 1957, 1968 and in the
: catastrophic flu outbreak of 1918, which sickened an estimated third of
: the world's population and killed, conservatively, 50 million people.
: 譯 文：自1889年以來每個四大主要流行病，
春季那一波較緩和的相關病症跟隨在第二波之後，幾個月後
疾病變得更加劇烈，這是1889年，1957年，1968年和1918年爆發，
保守估計殺死第三世界國家5千萬人口的慘重疫情所呈現的事實
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: 原 文：
: Lone Simonson, an epidemiologist at the National Institutes of Health,
: who has studied the course of prior pandemics in both the United States
: and her native Denmark, says, "The good news from past pandemics,
: in several experiences, is that the majority of deaths have happened not
: in the first wave, but later." Based on this, Simonson suggests there may
: be time to develop an effective vaccine before a second, more virulent
: strain, begins to circulate.
: 譯 文：一位同時在美國及她的母國丹麥研究預防流行病的
國家健康學院的流行病學家 龍恩．西蒙森說：「
過去許多流行病的經驗所帶給我們的好消息是，主要的死亡病例量
不是在第一波，而是在晚一點的第二波」
根據於此，西蒙森建議此時應是發展有效疫苗
在第二波緊張猛烈的疫情開始傳播之前
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: 原 文：
: As swine flu -- also known as the 2009 version of the H1N1 flu strain --
: spreads, Simonson and other health experts are diving into the history
: books for clues about how the outbreak might unfold -- and, more
: importantly, how it might be contained. In fact, the official Pandemic
: Influenza Operation Plan, or O-Plan, of the U.S. Centers for Disease
: Control and Prevention, is based in large part on a history lesson --
: research organized by pediatrician and medical historian Dr. Howard
: Markel of the University of Michigan.
: 譯 文：如同豬流感
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: 原 文：
: A cheerful man with thick-rimmed black glasses and a professor's manner,
: Markel was tapped by the CDC to study what worked and what didn't during
: the 1918 flu disaster. Markel and colleagues examined 43 cities and found
: that so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions -- steps such as quarantines
: and school closings -- were remarkably successful in tamping down the
: outbreak. "They don't make the population immune, but they buy you time,
: either by preventing influenza from getting into the community or slowing
: down the spread," Markel told CNN.
: 譯 文：
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: 原 文：
: Markel describes a dramatic example in the mining town of Gunnison,
: Colorado. In 1918, town leaders built a veritable barricade, closing
: down the railroad station and blocking all roads into town. Four thousand
: townspeople lived on stockpiled supplies and food from hunting or fishing.
: For three and a half months, while influenza raged in nearly every city
: in America, Gunnison saw not a single case of flu -- not until the spring,
: when roads were reopened and a handful of residents fell sick.
: 譯 文：
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: ║題目結尾╠════════════════════════════════
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評分：
┌───────┬──┬──┬──────────────────────┐
│錯誤類型及扣分│次數│扣分│ 相 關 項 目 │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│重大錯誤（-5）│ │ │ │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│中等錯誤（-3）│ │ │ │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│輕微錯誤（-1）│ │ │ │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│過度解讀（-0）│ │ │ │
├───────┼──┼──┼──────────────────────┤
│小 計│ │ │ │
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專業審結果：0 分。（四、五、六段未翻譯）