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以下為本篇參賽作品的評鑑內容: ┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┐ │評 分 表 │譯者:jesuisbenoit │ ├───────┬──────┼─────────────────────┤ │錯 誤 類 別│次數(扣分)│  錯   誤   點   編   號  │ ├───────┼──────┼─────────────────────┤ │重大錯誤 (-9) │  2 (-18) │18,25 │ │中等錯誤 (-5) │  9 (-45) │ 1, 4, 8,10,12,13,15,22,24 │ │輕微錯誤 (-1) │ 14 (-14) │ 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,11,14,16,17,19,20,21 │ │ │ │23 │ ├───────┼──────┴─────────────────────┤ │小     計│ 25 (-77) │ ├───────┼────────────────────────────┤ │得分 (滿分100)│ 23 │ └───────┴────────────────────────────┘ : ─────────────────────────────────────── : Foreign capital ought to be good for countries that have profitable ventures : that lack funding because of low savings at home. But Messrs Rodrik and : Subramanian argue that for many countries, it is not low savings but a : shortage of good investments that is the binding constraint. Weak property : rights, poorly enforced contracts and the fear that profits will be siphoned : away make it hard to conceive of ventures that might generate a reliable : return. When investment opportunities are scarce, capital inflows simply : displace domestic savings and encourage consumption. : 由於國內儲蓄率低,對於具備營利事業卻缺乏資金的國家而言, X(1)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 外資應該有所助益,但Messrs Rodrik 及Subramanian卻爭論道: X(2)^^ : 對許多國家而言,並非儲蓄率低的問題,而是缺乏好的投資,這就是限制。 X(3)^^^^^^ : 財產權、合約的約束力不彰,同時擔心利潤遭侵蝕, : 再再都使人難以想像企業能創造可靠的營收。 : 當投資機會極少時,資本流入就取代了國內儲蓄並刺激消費。 X(4)^^^^ 1.缺乏資金的是營利事業而非國家 2.Messrs 為 Mr. 的複數 3.譯文不通順 4.投資機會極少與資本流入無因果關係,此處意指流入的外資作用有限 : Whatever their misgivings about cosmopolitan capital, the authors do not : deny that deeper financial markets in general help to foster prosperity. : Even in economies short of good investment projects, a sturdier channel : connecting domestic savers and borrowers will help growth. The more domestic : savings can be put to work, the less need is there for foreign capital, : and using local funds helps keep the exchange rate down and promotes export : growth. By contrast, encouraging foreign capital to flood in can put upward : pressure on the exchange rate, making exports less competitive. In some : circumstances, capital controls may be justified if they keep the currency : cheap and promote growth. : 不論對於國際資本的擔憂為何, : 作者並未否認更深的金融市場大致能促進繁榮。 X(5) : 即使在缺乏良好投資計畫的經濟體中, : 連結國內儲蓄人與借款人健全的管道也將促進成長。 X(6)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 更多國內儲蓄運用於工作,外資的需求因而下降; X(7)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 運用國內資金能穩定匯率,進而促進出口增長。 : 相較之下,若鼓勵外資流入將會增加貨幣升值的壓力, : 使出口企業失去競爭力。 : 如果讓貨幣持續貶值以提升成長力,資本管制可能就情有可原。 X(8)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(9)^^^^ 5.此處係指經過更深度發展的金融市場 6.譯文不通順 7.譯文未妥適地表達出前者越多則後者越少的意涵 8.無使貨幣「持續貶值」的意思,此處僅指使貨幣價值維持在低檔 9.「情有可原」似乎不適合在此使用 : Why do the authors make such a strong case for export-led growth as a means : to development in poor countries, even if it is at the expense of more open : capital markets? First, they believe, exports are a force for institutional : reform. A firm making clothes to sell abroad demands consistent state : regulation, reliable transport links and enforceable contracts with suppliers : to a degree that a barbershop serving the domestic market does not. Second, : exporters foster skills, technology and expertise that can fruitfully spill : over to other enterprises. : 為何作者如此強調以出口帶動經濟成長作為窮國的發展方法, : 即使意味著需要更開放的資本市場? X(10)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 其一、他們堅信出口是制度改革的力量。 : 製造衣服銷往國外企業需要國家法令、交通網絡的配合, X(11) : 還需與供應商簽訂具法律效力的契約, : 但國內一家理髮店卻不見得需要。 X(12)^^^^^^^ : 其二、出口商提升技能、科技及專業知識,以勝過其它企業。 X(13)^^^^^^^^^ 10. 出口導向經濟基本上會進行嚴格的貨幣管制,故其資本市場會更封閉,而非更開放 11. regulation 在此為不可屬名詞,宜譯為管理、管制、調控 12. 此處係指對前述項目的需求較不迫切 13. 此處係指出口商所培植發展的技能、科技及專業知識有利於其他企業 : Messrs Rodrik and Subramanian conclude that with the benefits of liberalised : finance under the microscope in rich countries, it is time for more subtle : thinking about the global picture. “Depending on context and country,” : they write, “the appropriate role of policy will be as often to stem the : tide of capital flows as to encourage them.” : Messrs Rodri 及Subramanian總結:   X(14)^ : 當富國享受金融自由化所帶來的利益, X(15) : 也正是進一步精密思考全球圖像的時候。 : 他們寫道:情況取決於不同背景與國家, : 政策應同時遏止、鼓勵資金流動。 X(16)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 14.同 2. 15.此處似指對金融自由化未付國帶來的利益做過深入研究 16.語意上不合邏輯 : That bold conclusion leaves some troubling issues unresolved. As China's : experience suggests, keeping the exchange rate weak in support of export-led : growth becomes harder to sustain over time. Nor is it easy to keep foreign : capital out. Capital controls can be evaded by adjusting trade invoices: : exporters can bring funds in secretly by over-invoicing for foreign sales. : The authorities can use sterilised intervention to stop inflows pushing the : exchange rate up, but this imposes its own costs on the economy—in terms of : higher interest rates or a distorted allocation of credit. : 這大膽的結論並未解決棘手的問題。 X(17)^ : 中國的經驗透露出:讓貨幣貶值以提升出口帶動經濟成長並非長遠之計, X(18)^^^^^^^ : 也無法有效使外資撤離。 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 透過調整貿易發票得以規避資本管制: : 出口商可以暗地高報外銷以攜帶資金。 X(19)^^^ X(20) : 有關當局可以介入阻止資金流入推升匯率,但此舉也增加自身經濟負擔, X(21) : 包括了高利率或扭曲的信用分配。 17. 此處係指留有棘手問題未解決,無法由此推論出該結論本身未解決其他棘手問題 18. 此處係指前者之狀況難以維持,無法由此推論出前者非長遠之計,且讓貨幣貶值以   提升出口帶動經濟成長並無「使外資撤離」之功能。 19. over-invoicing 宜譯成「低額高報」 20. 譯文未譯出資金之流動方向 21. sterilised intervention 宜譯為「沖銷干預(措施)」 : It is possible too that over time capital inflows are becoming less risky : and the collateral benefits more tangible. And more stable direct investments : account for an increasing share of capital inflows. Countries will ultimately : have to come to terms with global capital and the choice is not only whether : to embrace or resist it. There is a third option: find ways to manage it. : After all, few would now argue that financial progress should not be policed : at all. : 資金流入也可能隨著時間推移來降低風險、使抵押利益更實際、 X(22)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(23) : 穩定直接投資佔資金流入日益增加的比例。 X(24)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ : 國家最終要面對全球資金,而選擇不會只有接受或拒絕, : 還有另一項選擇,那就是找出方法經營。 : 畢竟,大家幾乎都相信:財政進展根本不該受到控管。 X(25)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 22. 資金流入並非降低風險之工具,此處係指流入之外資所具有的風險可能會隨時間的   經過而降低 23. collateral 在此宜譯為「附隨」、「附代」 24. 此處係指直接投資占流入之外資的比例可能會逐漸增加 25. 語意顛倒,原文在此係指大多數人認為金融發展應受到控管 : ─────────────────────────────────────── : 註:參賽譯文之張貼順序與參與順序、譯文品質、最終名次無關。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 61.218.0.48 ※ 編輯: TheRock 來自: 61.218.0.48 (05/03 02:02)