Chocolate and Caffeine
Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.
Toxin
Methylxanthines
Source
Chocolate, coffee, tea, theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline.
巧克力所含的甲基黃漂呤，也是可可鹼和咖啡因的主要成分，這正是巧克力危險性的來源。
General Information
Theobromine is found in chocolate, cocoa beans, cocoa bean hulls (landscape
bedding), cola, and tea. Milk chocolate contains 44 mg/oz. and unsweetened
baking chocolate contains 390 mg/oz.
Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, chocolate, colas, and human stimulants.
Theophylline is found in tea and human and veterinary preparations.
Caffeine and theobromine have an effect on animals similar to that on people.
They increase the breathing and heart rate, sometimes causing irregular beating
of the heart. They cause restlessness because of the changes at the cellular
level with calcium and energy sources. Caffeine also directly stimulates the
myocardium and central nervous system.
Note: Some methylxanthines may be reabsorbed from the urinary bladder.
Toxic Dose
Symptoms occur with the ingestion of 45 mg per pound of body weight.
Theobromine deaths have been reported after ingestion of 52 mg per pound of
body weight.
Caffeine is toxic at about 63 mg per pound of body weight.
Signs
Common signs include vomiting, diarrhea, panting, hyperactivity, restlessness,
ataxia, muscle tremors, increased or decreased heart rate, irregular heart
rhythm, increased body temperature. Seizures, coma, or death may occur. Less
frequent symptoms include abdominal pain and blood in the urine.
Immediate Action
Induce vomiting and seek veterinary attention.
Veterinary Care
General treatment: The induction of vomiting may be continued, gastric lavage
is performed, and activated charcoal is administered.
Supportive treatment: IV fluids are given to prevent dehydration and to induce
urine production. The heart rate and rhythm are monitored, and medications are
given if necessary. The animal is monitored and treated for hyperthermia.
Seizures are treated. The urinary bladder may need to be catheterized to
prevent reabsorption of the toxin.
Specific treatment: Unavailable.
Prognosis
Usually recover with hospitalization and aggressive therapy. May be fatal, if
enough of the toxin is absorbed.
Reference:
http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1939&articleid=2238
緊急時給予催吐、洗胃和給予活性碳，可能對飼主來說，可以做到的就是催吐。
中毒劑量我換算成台灣單位
一.當攝時可可鹼(Theobromine)含量超過
99 mg/每公斤體重，會有中毒症狀。
115 mg/每公斤體重，後可能會致死。
二.當攝時咖啡因(Caffeine)含量超過
139 mg/每公斤體重，會有中毒症狀。
普通的巧克力每公克約含4.5~16mg的可可鹼，
也就是濃度較高的巧克力，5公斤的小型犬吃超過30g就會中毒。
5公斤的 貓 吃超過30g就會中毒。
15公斤的中型犬吃超過150g就會中毒。
以現在手上有的金沙巧克力來說，一粒大約15g，當然金沙不是純巧克力，但是保守一點
估計，只要貓吃超過兩顆以上，就會有中毒危險。
可可粉每公克約含5.3~26mg的可可鹼
牛奶的部分，可以自己換算一下。
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※ 編輯: qzpm 來自: 219.80.135.155 (08/20 13:55)