B2 一般人處在光亮環境一段時間後,眼睛對光線的敏感度會減低,這種現象稱為光適應(light adaptation),其主要的形成機制與光感細胞(photoreceptor cells)之何種變化有關?
A胞內之cGMP含量降低
B胞內之rhodopsin含量降低
C細胞之數量減少
D細胞膜上之鈉離子通道(sodium channels)不活化
跟據ganong, Medical physiology,22th ed., p.166之對light adaption之敘述,...stricktly speaking, it is merely the disappearance pf dark adaption, 也就是光適應只不過是暗適應的"消失"。
Guyto, physiology 11th ed.,p.631中更提到light adaption的兩個機轉,large portions of the photochemicals in both the rods and the cones will have been reduced to(分解,轉變成)retinals and opsins。另外much of the retinal of both the rods and the cones will have been converted into Vitamine A.
故此,phtochemicals會減少,但retinals 和opsins(rodopsins的穿膜蛋白)會增加。這就是guyton對light adaptions的敘述。
此外,Vender's human physiology對light adaption又更加一步說明。在p.236對light adaptions的文字敘述可以發現,Initially, the eye is extremely sensitive to light, and the visual image has poor contrast.Rhodopsin is activated more rapidly in rods than the photopigment in cones, so as rhodopsin becomes less available, the cones take over the vision.Cones are less sensitive to light than are rods, so the visual image becomes less bright.
故此在light adaption的過程中,rod cell 胞內disc膜上襄嵌的non-available(不能繼續反應的)rodopsin增加,available(可繼續反應的)rodpsin減少,以致於換成cone cell來主導視覺,造成了光適應。
綜合三家教科書的敘述可以發現,rodopsin藉由opsins蛋白襄嵌在rod cell inner segment,其不會因為和光反應後無故分解消失,會和光作用的是其上的retinal分子,故此rod cell上的available rodopin會減少,但non-avilable rodopsin會增加,才會去找cone cell來解決與光反應的問題。故此,總rodopsins含量應該不變,甚至跟據guyton的敘述,為了要與光反應,rodopsins合成量反而有增多的可能。
故此除非題目B選項修正為胞內之"可反應"rhodopsin 含量降低,否則單寫rhodopsin含量降低是錯誤的敘述。
根據專門職業及技術人員考選辦法暨相關規定管理辦法第四條之四,試題錯誤致無正確答案時,試題一律給分。故本題建議全部送分。
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 192.192.93.85