※ 引述《skyhawk (冰城城主)》之銘言：
: 大家好,
: 因 Yin81 回國之後立刻開始整理屯積許久的英詩選集, 翻譯精選,
: 和名句追溯 (都在雅典娜的神殿), 這三區在近期內都可以整理完,
: 在此跟大家報告一下.
: 此外, 我在愛芙黛特的神殿下更動了一些東西, 除了希望新的格式
: 能夠使內容一目了然之外, 該區另外新開了各類思想討論 -- 本來
: 是想要依樣畫葫蘆, 用 A-Z 的方式排序, 但是後來覺得這樣意義
: 不大, 所以決定依照時間排序.
: 無奈, 我在這方面最弱了, 對於詩史我是一竅不通, 目前只能架設
恩。.about the period of neoclassicism
In the history English literature, it can be dividevd into
Three sub-periods: Augustan Age (Age of Dryden) from 1660 to 1700
(from Restoration to the year when Dryden was dead; Age of Pope, 1700 to 1745
and Age of Johnson( or Age of Sentimentality). :)
至於現代跟後現代...痾.........
現代還比較好分..19世紀末期就有現代主義的影子 到了1920年代的high modernism
(1922: Eliot's The Waste Land; Joyce's Ulysses; Woolf's Jacob's Room)
一直到二次大戰.
後現代的時間非常的亂
Abrams的定義是從二次大戰之後 可是我們很清楚這樣分只是粗略性的.
所以..後現代..就當作個文學的大黑洞吧...把現代主義之後的東西通通西進去
畢竟..我們身處後現代主義的世代 實在很難替後現代下個絕對的定論..
: 一個很模糊的骨架 -- 分隔線上是排好的, 分隔線下是不知道該排
: 在那裡的, 希望好心的板友幫我補足... 如果有任何建議就盡量
: 說吧! 在這方面我想板上許多人都比我懂得多. ^^"
: skyhawk
: 10.12.2002
--
縱然陽光可以帶給人們希望
但也要心中充滿希望
才看得到陽光!!
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.csie.ntu.edu.tw)
◆ From: 140.122.198.110
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- <
作者: skyhawk (冰城城主) 看板: poetry
標題: Re: 關於分類
時間: Wed Dec 11 01:17:26 2002
我剛找到一個蠻不錯的文字檔.. @@
(source: http://www.usd.edu/~tgannon/txts/litperiod.txt)
~~~~MAIN LITERARY PERIODS of WESTERN CIVILIZATION: An OUTLINE~~~~
======== ======= ======= ============
** IMMEDIATE CAVEAT: There is no general agreement among scholars
concerning the dates, even the names, of literary periods and
schools--what follows can be used as an as-good-as-any set of
outlines, to be supplemented by your own literary knowledge &
research efforts.
** Representative authors (and anonymous works) for each period are
included, with the "greatest of the great"--from a literary history
viewpoint, at least--in "bold" [e.g., *Homer*]. Those authors given
right after a main heading (and arranged by countries) do not fit any
of the major "ages" or movements listed beneath that period (if any);
each of these sub-headings, moreover, has its own list of
representative authors.
NOTE: Authors in brackets pre- or post-date slightly the movement
they are listed under, but are associated with that movement as
important forerunners or latter-day adherents.
** Authors are also "keyed" to the genre they are MOST associated
with, as follows:
(p): poetry, incl. epic & lyric ~
(d): drama, incl. tragedy & comedy
(f): fiction, incl. the novel & short story
(hb): history or (auto)biography
(pp): philosophy or political propaganda
(r): religious polemics
(s): science or social science
(pr): miscellaneous prose (general essays, criticism, etc.)
Finally, longer lists are sometimes even divided into genres by
slashes (/).
. . . ANOTHER NOTE: English & American authors & movements are not
included in the initial listing--subsequent outlines devoted
exclusively to them follow.
. . . A FINAL NOTE!: deep apologies for the _mea_culpa_ omission of eons
of important "non-Western" literature: e.g. (to name a very few works
& authors), the (Egyptian) Book of the Dead; _Gilgamesh_; the Rig-Veda,
the Upanishads, _The_Mahabharata_, _The_Ramayana_, and Kalidasa;
Lao-Tzu, Confucius, Li Po, and Tu Fu; Firdausi, Omar Khayya'm, Rumi,
Hafiz, and _The_Thousand_and_One_Nights_; and _The_Tale_of_Genji_,
Basho, Buson, and Issa. . . .
. . . A *LAST* FINAL NOTE: excuse the poor ascii attempts at foreign
diacritical marks::::::::
e` = accent grave over "e" (etc.)
e' = accent aigu over "e" (etc.) (?!--best I could do . . .)
e^ = accent circonflexe over "e" (etc.)
u" = umlaut over "u" (etc.)
c, = cedilla
======== ======= ======= ============
--=>MAIN LITERARY PERIODS of WESTERN CIVILIZATION<=--
======== ======= ======= ============
I. CLASSICAL PERIOD [Greece & Rome] (ca. 850 B.C.-A.D. 450)
========= ======
--GREECE: *Homer*(p), Hesiod(p), Sappho(p), Pythagoras(pp), Pindar(p)
... [Attic & Alexandrian Ages] ... Plutarch(hb), Epictetus(pp),
Lucian(f), Plotinus(pp)
**Attic Age (ca. 500-323 B.C.): d: *Aeschylus*, *Sophocles*,
*Euripides*, Aristophanes / hb: Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon
/ pp: Plato, Aristotle
**Alexandrian Age (ca. 323-146 B.C.): Theophrastus(pr), Menander(d),
Epicurus(pp), Theocritus(p)
--ROME: Plautus(d), Terence(d) ... [Golden & Silver Ages] ... Marcus
Aurelius(pp), Apuleius(f)
**Golden Age (ca. 70 B.C.-A.D. 17):
--Ciceronian Age (ca. 70-44 B.C.): Cicero(pr), Caesar(hb),
Lucretius(pp), Catullus(p)
--Augustan Age (ca. 44 B.C.-A.D. 17): *Virgil*(p), Horace(p),
Livy(hb), Ovid(p)
**Silver Age (ca. A.D. 17-130): Seneca(d), Petronius(f), Martial(p),
Tacitus(hb), Juvenal(p), Suetonius(hb)
II. MEDIEVAL PERIOD [Middle Ages] (ca. A.D. 450-1450)
======== ======
--ROME//LATIN: [Augustine(hb),] Boethius(pp) // Aquinas(pp),
Duns Scotus(pp)
--SCANDINAVIA//GERMANY: _The_Elder_Edda_(p)
// _The_Nibelungenlied_(p), Walther von der Vogelweide(p)
--FRANCE: _La_Chanson_de_Roland_(p), _Aucassin_et_Nicolete_(p),
_Le_Roman_de_la_Rose_(p), Villon(p)
--SPAIN: _The_Poem_of_the_Cid_(p)
--ITALY: *Dante*(p)
III. RENAISSANCE (ca. 1450-1600)
===========
--ITALY (ca. 1350-): Petrarch(p), *Boccaccio*(f), Machiavelli(pp),
Ariosto(p), Cellini(hb), Tasso(p)
--FRANCE: *Rabelais*(f), Du Bellay(p), Ronsard(p), Montaigne(pr)
--SPAIN//PORTUGAL: _La_Celestina_(d) // Camoe"ns(p)
--HOLLAND//GERMANY: Erasmus(pp) // Luther(r)
IV. AGE OF REASON (ca. 1600-1700)
=== == ======
--SPAIN: {**Golden Age--ca. 1580-1681}: *Cervantes*(f),
Lope de Vega(d), Tirso(d), Alarco'n(d), Caldero'n(d)
--FRANCE: pp: Descartes, Pascal / d: Corneille, *Molie`re*, Racine
/ pr: La Rochefoucauld, Boileau / p: La Fontaine
--GERMANY//HOLLAND: Boehme(pp), Leibniz(pp) // Spinoza(pp)
V. ENLIGHTENMENT (The ~) (ca. 1700-1800)
=============
--FRANCE: Montesquieu(pp), Voltaire(f), Pre'vost(f), Diderot(pr)
--GERMANY: Klopstock(p), Lessing(d)
**"Sturm und Drang" (fl. 1770's): Herder(pr), *Goethe*(d),
Schiller(d)
--ITALY: Alfieri(d)
VI. ROMANTIC PERIOD (ca. 1800-1850)
======== ======
--GERMANY: pp: [Kant,] Hegel, Schelling, Schopenhauer /
pr: Schlegel(s) / p: Ho"lderlin, Novalis, Heine /
d: Grillparzer[Austr.]
--FRANCE: [Rousseau(pp),] Chateaubriand(f), Lamartine(p), Vigny(p),
Hugo(p), Musset(p), Gautier(f)
--ITALY: Manzoni(f), Leopardi(p)
--RUSSIA: Pushkin(p), Lermontov(p)
VII. REALISTIC PERIOD (ca. 1850-1914)
========= ======
--FRANCE (fl. 1830-1870): *Stendhal*(f), Comte(s), *Balzac*(f),
*Flaubert*(f), Daudet(f), France(f)
**Naturalism (fl. 1870-1890): Zola(f), Maupassant(f)
**_Symbolisme_ (fl.1870-1900): [Nerval(p), *Baudelaire*(p),]
Mallarme'(p), Verlaine(p), Lautre'amont(f), Rimbaud(p),
Laforgue(p), Maeterlinck(d)[Belg.]
--RUSSIA {**Golden Age--ca. 1842-1883}: Gogol(f), Turgenev(f),
*Dostoevsky*(f), *Tolstoy*(f) ... Chekhov(d)
--GERMANY//SCANDINAVIA: Marx(pp), Nietzsche(pp), Hauptmann(d) //
Kierkegaard(pp)[Denm.], *Ibsen*(d)[Norw.], Strindberg(d)[Swed.]
--POLAND: Sienkiewicz(f)
--ITALY: Carducci(p), D'Annunzio(p)
VIII. MODERN(IST) PERIOD (ca. 1914-1945)
=========== ======
--FRANCE: pp: Bergson / f: Rolland, Gide, Proust, Martin du Gard,
Mauriac, Romains, Ce'line, Malraux / d: Claudel, Cocteau /
p: Vale'ry, Apollinaire
**Dadaism (ca. 1916-1924): Tzara(p)
**Surrealism (fl. 20's&30's): Supervielle(p), Reverdy(p), E'luard(p),
Breton(f), Aragon(p), Michaux(p)[Belg.], Pre'vert(p), Char(p)
--GERMANY//CZECHOSLOVAKIA[~]: Freud(s)[Austr.],
Hoffmannsthal(p)[Austr.], Jung(s)[Swiss], Mann(f),
Rilke(p)[Austr.], Hesse(f)[Swiss], Heidegger(pp),
Wittgenstein(pp)
**Expressionism (fl. 1910's&20's): d: Wedekind, Capek[~], Toller,
Brecht / f: Wassermann, Kafka[Austr.], Werfel / p: Benn,
Trakl[Austr.]
--SCANDINAVIA: Undset(f)[Norw.], Dinesen(f)[Denm.]
--RUSSIA: Gorky(f), Blok(p), Pasternak(p), Mayakovsky(p), Babel(f),
Sholokov(f)
**Acmeism (ca. 1912-22): p: Akhmatova, Mandalstam
--GREECE: Cava'fis(p), Kazantza'kis(p), Sefe'ris(p)
--ITALY: Croce(pp), Pirandello(d), Saba(p), Ungaretti(p),
Quasimodo(p), Montale(p), Pavese(f)
**Futurism (fl. 1910's&20's): Marinetti(p)
--SPAIN//LATIN AMERICA: Unamuno(pp), Baroja(f), Machado(p), Jime'nez(p),
Ortega y Gasset(pp), Garcia Lorca(p) // Dario(p)[Nicar.],
Vallejo(p)[Peru], Huidobro(p)[Chile], Neruda(p)[Chile]
IX. POST-MODERN(IST) PERIOD (1945-->)
--FRANCE: Derrida(pp)
**Existentialism (fl. 40's&50's): Sartre(pp), Camus(f)
**Theatre of the Absurd (fl. 50's&60's): d: Beckett, Gene^t, Ionesco
**Anti-Novelists (fl. 50's-...): f: Sarraute, Simon, Robbe-Grillet,
Butor
--GERMANY: Celan(p), Grass(f)
--RUSSIA: Solzhenitsyn(f), Voznesensky(p), Yevtushenko(p)
--YIDDISH: Singer(f)[Pol.-Amer.]
--LATIN AMERICA:Borges(f)[Argent.], Paz(p)[Mex.],
Garci'a Ma'rquez(f)[Columb.]
================
================
****OUTLINE of ENGLISH LITERATURE****
(--Note that the generic "world lit." periods given above are not
always in accord with specific national periods: the English
Renaissance, for instance, has later dates than those usually given
for the Renaissance in general because that "movement" arrived
relatively late in England. Moreover, national periods often take
their beginning and/or ending dates from a specific local event, like
the death of a king or a leading literary figure.)
I. Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period (ca. 450-1100): _Beowulf_(p),
Cynewulf(p), "The Seafarer"(p), "The Wanderer"(p)
II. Anglo-Norman Period (ca. 1100-1350): _The_Owl_and_the_
_Nightingale_(p), Layamon(p), "Cuckoo Song"(p)
III. Middle English Period (ca. 1350-1500): ... {folk ballads(p),}
_The_Second_Shepherds'_Song_(d), Malory(f), _Everyman_(d)
**Age of Chaucer (ca. 1350-1400): Langland(p), *Chaucer*(p),
_Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight_(p)
IV. Renaissance (ca. 1500-1660):
A. Early Tudor Age (ca. 1500-1558): Skelton(p), More(pp), Wyatt(p),
Surrey(p)
B. Elizabethan Age (ca. 1558-1603): p: Spenser, Sidney / d: Lyly,
Peele, Greene, Kyd, Marlowe, *Shakespeare*
C. Jacobean Age (ca. 1603-1625): s: F. Bacon / d: Middleton, Jonson,
Webster, Beaumont & Fletcher / pr: Burton / r: King James
*Bible*
D. Puritan & Cavalier Period (ca. 1625-1660):
**Metaphysical School (ca. 1600-1660): p: Donne, Herbert, Crashaw,
Cowley, Vaughn, [Traherne]
1. Caroline Age (ca. 1625-1649):
{**Cavalier Poets}: p: Herrick, Carew, Waller, Suckling, Lovelace
2. Commonwealth Interregnum (ca. 1649-1660): Hobbes(pp), Walton(pr),
Browne(pr)
V. Neoclassical Period (ca. 1660-1798):
A. Restoration (Age of Dryden) (ca. 1660-1700): p: *Milton*, Butler,
Marvell, Dryden / r: Bunyan / pp: Locke / pr: Pepys /
d: Wycherley, Congreve
B. Augustan Age (Age of Pope) (ca. 1700-1750): f: DeFoe, Swift,
Richardson, *Fielding* / pr: Addison & Steele / pp: Berkeley,
Hume / d: Gay / p: Pope
C. Age of Johnson (ca. 1750-1798): pr: Johnson / f: *Sterne*, Smollet,
Goldsmith / p: Collins, Cowper, Crabbe / pp: Burke / hb: Gibbon,
Boswell / d: Sheridan
**Graveyard School (fl. 1740's&50's): p: Young, Thompson, Gray
VI. Romantic Period (ca. 1798-1870):
A. Romantic Age (ca. 1798-1832): p: [Blake, Burns,] Byron,
P.B. Shelley, Keats / f: Scott, *Austen*, M. Shelley /
pr: Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey
**Lake Poets (fl. 1790's-1810's): p: *Wordsworth*, Coleridge,
Southey
B. Early Victorian Age (ca. 1832-1870): pr: Carlyle, Macaulay,
Ruskin / r: Newman / pp: J.S. Mill / s: Darwin /
p: Tennyson, Browning / f: Thackeray, *Dickens*,
Trollope, Bront‘(s)
**Pre-Raphaelites (fl. 1850's&60's): p: Rosetti(s), Morris
VII. Realistic Period (ca. 1870-1914):
A. Late Victorian Age (ca. 1870-1901): f: G. Eliot, Meredith,
Carroll, Butler, Hardy, H. James, Stevenson s: Spencer,
T.H. Huxley, Frazer / pr: Arnold, Pater / p: Swinburne,
Hopkins
**Decadents (fl. 1890's): Wilde(d), Dowson(p)
B. Edwardian Age (ca. 1901-1914): d: Shaw, Barrie / f: Conrad,
Kipling, Wells, Bennett, Galsworthy, Saki / p: Housman
**Irish Renaissance (ca. 1890-1930): Yeats(p), AE(p), Synge(d),
O'Casey(d)
VIII. Modern(ist) Period (ca. 1914-1945): pp: Whitehead, Russell / f:
Maugham, Forster, Joyce, Woolf, D.H. Lawrence, Mansfield,
A. Huxley / p: T.S. Eliot, Auden, Spender, D. Thomas
IX. Post-Modern(ist) Period (ca. 1945->): f: Orwell, Greene, Lowry,
Golding, Durrell, Burgess, Amis, Fowles / p: Larkin / d: Pinter
================
================
****OUTLINE of AMERICAN LITERATURE****
. . . heck with it: not much of it really matters! (pardon the
editorializing. . . .) :-}
--Oh, well, here goes:
I. Colonial Period (ca. 1607-1765): Bradstreet(p), Edwards(r),
Taylor(p), Franklin(hb)
II. Revolutionary & Early National Period (ca. 1765-1830)
A. Revolutionary Age (ca. 1765-1790): Paine(pp), Jefferson(pp),
Freneau(p)
B. Federalist Age (ca. 1790-1830): Brown(f), Irving(f), Cooper(f),
Bryant(p)
III. Romantic Period (ca. 1830-1865): Hawthorne(f), Longfellow(p),
Holmes(pr), Poe(p), *Melville*(f), *Whitman*(p)
**Transcendentalism: Emerson(pr), Thoreau(pp)
IV. Realistic Period ("Gilded Age") (ca. 1865-1900): p: Dickinson,
Lanier / f: *Twain*, Howells, Bierce, O. Henry
**Local Colorists (ca. 1870-1900): Harte(f), Harris(f), Jewett(f),
Chopin(f), Freeman(f)
**Naturalism (ca. 1890-1930): Norris(f), Crane(f), Dreiser(f),
London(f)
V. Modern(ist) Period (ca. 1900-1945): pp: W. James, Dewey, Santayana
/ p: Masters, Robinson, Frost, Sandburg, Stevens, M. Moore,
cummings, H. Crane / f: Cather, Stein, S. Anderson, Lewis,
Porter, Dos Passos, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Hemingway, Wolfe,
Steinbeck, West / d: O'Neill, M. Anderson, Wilder
**Imagism (fl. 1910's): p: A. Lowell, W.C. Williams, Pound, H.D.
**Harlem Renaissance (fl. 20's): McKay(p), Toomer(f), Hughes(p),
Cullen(p)
VI. Post-Modern(ist) Period (ca. 1945-): f: Nabokov, R. Wright,
Ellison, Bellow, Salinger, Vonnegut, Mailer, O'Connor, Barth,
Barthelme, Updike, Brautigan, Roth / p: Roethke, Jarrell,
Wilbur, Merwin / dd: T. Williams, A. Miller, Albee
**Black Mountain School (fl. 50's): p: Olson, Duncan, Levertov,
Creeley
**Beats (fl. 50's&60's): Burroughs(f), Ferlinghetti(p), Kerouac(f),
Ginsberg(p), Snyder(p)
**Confessional Poets (fl.50's&60's): p: Berryman, R. Lowell,
Snodgrass, Sexton, Plath
**New York Surrealists (fl. 50's&60's): p: Koch, O'Hara, Ashbery
**Deep Imagists (fl. 60's&70's): p: Bly, J. Wright, Simic
========
|
--:--tcg
)
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- <
作者: skyhawk (冰城城主) 看板: poetry
標題: Re: 關於分類
時間: Wed Dec 11 01:21:20 2002
※ 引述《skyhawk (冰城城主)》之銘言：
: 我剛找到一個蠻不錯的文字檔.. @@
: (source: http://www.usd.edu/~tgannon/txts/litperiod.txt)
有點亂, 但是幸好目前板上這方面的文章也沒有很多 (沒超過五篇)
所以有時間慢慢整理... ^^"
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- <
作者: julians (給我樂透其餘免談) 看板: poetry
標題: Re: 關於分類
時間: Thu Dec 12 01:10:16 2002
略述:
既然時代分類很混亂
所以我認為我們在解析文本要注意的時代精神
也就是某個文本(詩)在哪個部分展現了哪樣的特性
因之展現怎樣的時代精神
另一方面
並不是所有現代主義的作家都沒有後現代的精神
時代精神往往是交錯的
圮如說Chaucer
習慣上被分類為英國文學的中古時期
可是我們讀他的作品不難發現喬叟已展現出相當的文藝復興精神
(當然這是受到Boccaccio and Dante的影響)
莎士比亞的作品具有相當的後現代性
(主要是後設, i.e. meta-的精神)
所以結論是時代分類指示後人整理出來的
去從作品中找出時代精神才是讀者應該試著去閱讀出來的