AWA argument模板

[Zenas (David Bowie)]

嗯 雖然我剛剛考完  成績一點也不知道

不過我就獻醜一下  把自己寫的模板PO出來

大家參考看看  有錯也麻煩糾正 ^^


I.開頭

(適用於科學觀點判斷，醫學結果，考古結果)
   In this argument, the author concludes that (conclusion) because
(reasons). In addition, based upon a correlation between  X  and  Y ,
the author argues that__. Furthermore, according to (reasons), the author
claims that (conclusion). Although the statement seems authentic/sound,
the author ignores some important elements and consults unreliable
information, which leads the author to the wrong conclusion.
(適用於提建議，提改良，提行銷計畫)
In this argument, the author concludes that (conclusion) if (reasons).
To support the conclusion, the author cites a (report/survey/study of ……)___.
In addition, the author also argues that (conclusion) will work/success/make
profit/benefit because (reasons). Although the statement seems
credible/practical, the author ignores some important elements and consults
unreliable information. This argument is problematic for a couple of reasons.


II. 引用資料錯誤

First, the author cites the survey of ______ which is not proven reliable.
Is the number of respondents to this survey large enough? Are the respondents
adequate to stand for the generality? Are the questions in this survey not
misleading?
The survey does not take some crucial factors into account, such as ___.
The single survey is insufficient to be representative the general opinion
of whole population. Since the survey is incomplete and lack of details,
it is not strong enough to support the conclusion.
Moreover, the survey was made last year, and the condition and opinions of
people in this town/city/area/community may change. If a latest survey
shows a trend that is different form this out-of-date survey, the author's
conclusion may be totally overthrown.

The poll of ____ is too vague to substantiate the author's conclusion.
The validity of poll will be determined by the sample size, the way to
select the samples and the questions in the questionnaires; all those
factors are neglected by author. The author should illustrate that when
and where and by whom the survey/poll is conducted. Before the details are
clear, the survey is unable to draw any conclusion.



III. 因果錯誤:

(巧合, 同時發生)
    Because  X  and Y happened simultaneously, the author assumes that there
must be a casual relationship between them without any further explanation.
But without any further explanation, this conclusion is built on sand. It
may be just an innocent coincidence. The reason why (conclusion) may be
that (他因)   .

(時間先後當成因果)
    The author makes a casual connection between  X  and  Y , which is simply
based on the fact that the former occurs before the latter, but the author
fails to offer further evidence to prove that  X  really causes  Y  .
The true reason for  Y  could be that  (他因) . Moreover, the (他因) could
also lead to the same result that (conclusion).

(根本沒關係)
    The reason that (reasons) only implies that (conclusion_I). However,
we cannot find any adequate ground that (conclusion). Many other possible
reasons may disprove the conclusion. Other reasons may bring about this
situation that (conclusion). It is likely that  (他因)  .


IV. 類比錯誤

(今非昔比)
The situation today is no longer as it has been, so that the successful
experience before/of ___ cannot support the author's conclusion. The author
assumes that the condition nowadays is still the same as that in the past,
without any reasonable evidence. In fact, what benefits  X  may not work
for Y  anymore.

 (成功經驗不能複製)
The proposal/suggestion/statement/ will take effect/be reasonable only
if the circumstance of A and B are exactly the same. However, [place B]
would have its particular conditions, which prevent [place B] from following
the successful experiences of [place A]. For example, _______. Thus the
conclusion cannot be accepted since the author overlooks this difference
between [place B] and [place A].


V. 歸納錯誤

(少數不代表多數)
This may be a special case that is insufficient to support the general
conclusion. The successful of _______ may be the result of the interaction
of many factors, such as _______.

(數量不夠)
The number of _____ is rarely sufficient to represent the generality.
These (special cases) may have some special reasons/factors/conditions
that make (conclusion 合理). This is not a general case of other places.
Unless the number of ____ is large enough to show that  X  and  Y  are
really related, this limited evidence would only make an invalid conclusion.

(national & local)
    Besides, the nationwide survey could not be applied to a small region.
The [place] would have its particular condition, which is opposite to
what nationwide survey found. Without further explanations, this
information is inadequate to support the conclusion. (另外可能)



VI.統計數字有問題
    The author offers a percentage of (evidence). However, the exact number
of ____ is not shown. It may just a trivial part of the total and
insufficient to prove the correctness of the conclusion.


VII. 其他
(二擇一錯誤)
    The author claims that _____. However, the author assumes that only
two possible candidates for us, denying the third alternative. However,
the author does not take all possible factors into consideration.
The (conclusion) may be overthrown even without any change.

(偷換概念)
    The author says that ______, but the author concludes that ______.
The author improperly expands the concept about ________. (The author
improperly limits the concept about ______) Thus the evidence is untrustful
because ________.

(只講好話)
    The author only gives the favorable reasons that support the statement,
ignoring the unfavorable reasons against. For example, _______. The
goal cannot be realized because ________. The proposal may even make
the situation worse because______.


FINAL.結論

(用於科學觀點之不正確)
    After the analysis above, the conclusion that (conclusions) is not
tenable because the reasons, which offered by the author to support
his/her opint, are all insufficient to support it. The author should
provide more information that ____. With some essential evidence still
in absence, there is no ground to reach this conclusion.

(用於建議之不可行)
    In sum, without dependable evidence and more forceful reasons,
the author's idea should not be adopted. To enhance the credibility of
this conclusion, the author should provide more information that ______.
The author should also ________ to better evaluate this argument.
Before the weakness of this conclusion being eliminated, we should hold
a reserved attitude about this argument.



其實我真的在寫的時候  並沒有完全依照模板

但是努力背了模版這些句型

在批評的時候可以馬上找到可用的形容詞和動詞

或是可以用這些方向去找argument中的弱點

這樣速度就會變快

我考試的時候  寫完五段(頭尾+三個論點)  然後檢查完後  還剩下6分鐘

所以有模板最大的優點  我覺得是速度會變快啦~


我基本上文法很不行  希望大家發現到文法怪怪的地方  要去查證一下

我不保證全對喔 oQ_Qo

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