推 bePRO: 嗯嗯嗯 我也認為是這樣 09/20 20:35
推 JackChung: 感謝分享 我也一直在反省直接回到downwind究竟是不是好 09/21 01:24
→ JackChung: 主意 09/21 01:24
推 JackChung: 澳洲的法規用字遣詞跟米國還真有點不同XD 09/21 01:28
→ slavis: 的確 澳洲的英文用法比較偏英式的 但其實講的東西都差不多 09/21 09:04
發現用推文的太長了打太久，乾脆直接回文
小弟是在澳洲飛行，我們機場是屬於non-controlled aerodrome，
前陣子考試才剛被電過一遍相關的法規XD
但澳洲跟美加的相關法規可能有不同，小弟僅提供個人經驗拋磚引玉
※ 引述《JackChung (小鍾鍾)》之銘言：
兩個問題想請教版上的諸位飛行員前輩們:
1)
今天在一個無塔台機場 (nontowered airport) 做五邊飛行 (traffic pattern)
正當開始進入第四邊 (base) 在 CTAF 上告知完畢後, 突然在 CTAF 上出現
另一架飛機宣告用 RNAV 進場且只剩 2浬. 此時應該是誰該讓誰呢?
根據澳洲民航法CAR 166B: Carrying out a straight-in approach
(1) The pilot in command of an aircraft commits an offence if:
(a) the pilot carries out a stright-in approach to land at a non-controlled
aerodrome; and
(b) the pilot engages in conduct; and
(c) the conduct results in the contravention of a rule set out in subregula-
tion (2).
(2) The rule are the following:
(a) before starting the approach, the pilot must determine:
(i) the wind direction at the aerodrome.
(ii) the runways in use at the aerodrome.
(b) the pilot must give way to any other aircraft flying in the circuit
pattern for the aerodrome;
(c) subject to subregulation (3), the pilot must carry out all manoeuvring,
to establish the aircraft on final approach, at least 3 miles from the
threshold of the runway that the pilot intends to use for landing.
(3) The rule in paragraph (2)(c) does not apply to the pilot if he or she is
carrying out the approach:
(a) using an instument approach procedure; and
(d) in IMC.
(4) An offence against subregulation(1) in relation to paragraph (2)(a) or (b)
is an offence of strict liability.
另外AIP Australia中ENR 1.1
10.9.6.5 A pilot should include the intention to conduct a straight-in
approach with the inbound broadcast. Further broadcasts of intention
on the CTAF by 3NM from the runway threshold should be made.
10.9.6.6 Pilots of aircraft conducting a straight-in approach at a
non-controlled aerodrome should observe the following procedures:
d. An aircraft established on base leg or final approach for any
runway has priority over an aircraft carrying out a straight in
approach.
所以在Base的飛機是有優先權的，另外要執行straight-in approach的話必須在
inbound broadcast(通常是5nm or 10nm, 看飛機速度)就必須表明他要做straight-in,
另外飛機在3nm final也必須在CTAF上broadcast
(2) The pilot must make a broadcast that includes the following i
根據 14 CFR 91.113 (g) 似乎是高度較低者有優先權. 但是實務上根本沒時間
顧及對方的高度(我的飛機還沒裝ADS-B in). 我是選擇立刻節流閥全開左轉
重新爬昇回到第三邊 (downwind) 後保持平飛同時在 CTAF 上告知, 等到該飛
機越過我左側後再重新繼續後續的降落程序. 想請問有更安全的處理方式
嗎?
另外，如果你直接決定要讓路給他的話，通常我的作法為
1. Full throttle and climb, go around.
2. Broadcast intention.
主要是你沒有visual contact, 先爬升高度到超過circuit height for seperation
後加入non-active side去找對方，然後再重新加入crosswind降落。
直接轉回到Downwind的風險會有兩種
第一是你已經在base，再轉回downwind會讓對方迎面而來會有碰撞風險。
第二如果你後方(early or mid downwind)也有飛機的話也會讓你和後方的隔離縮短
3. 在non-active side後重新加入crosswind.
剛剛順便看了一下 推 ahpc82: See AC 90-66B 9.5 中提到的
9.5 Straight-In Landings. The FAA encourages pilots to use the standard
traffic pattern when arriving or departing a non-towered airport or a
part-time-towered airport when the control tower is not operating,
particularly when other traffic is observed or when operating from an
unfamiliar airport. However, there are occasions where a pilot can
choose to execute a straight-in approach for landing when not intending to
enter the traffic pattern, such as a visual approach executed as part of the
termination of an instrument approach. Pilots should clearly communicate on
the CTAF and coordinate maneuvering for and execution of the landing with
other traffic so as not to disrupt the flow of other aircraft.
Therefore, pilots operating in the traffic pattern should be alert at all
times to aircraft executing straight-in landings, particularly when
flying a base leg prior to turning final.
10.1 Recommended Traffic Advisory Practices. All traffic within a 10-mile
radius of a non-towered airport or a part-time-towered airport when the
control tower is not operating should continuously monitor and communicate,
as appropriate, on the designated CTAF until leaving the area or until clear
of the movement area.
After first monitoring the frequency for other traffic present passing
within 10 miles from the airport, self-announcing of your position and
intentions should occur between 8 and 10 miles from the airport upon arrival.
Departing aircraft should continuously monitor/communicate on the appropriate
frequency from startup, during taxi, and until 10 miles from the airport,
unless 14 CFR or local procedures require otherwise.
以上一點淺見供參考
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※ 編輯: slavis (1.174.74.35), 09/20/2018 15:32:53