推 ntuyeh: 對齁...一時忘了有「無論何種程度」這解 謝啦 03/10 17:46
先回答一下你的第一個問題有關however的逗點用法
如有回答不周 再請各位高手指正
建議你不要看你手上的那本書 直接去查英英字典的例句寫法
你會發現基本上however 這個字如果你去查英英字典的話 你發現不同的英英字典對
however會下不同的詞性定義 這點蠻有趣的
我們可以看看下面三本學習型英字典的解釋來研究一下::
OALD
however adverb
1. used with an adjective or adverb to mean ‘to whatever degree’
1-1. He wanted to take no risks, however small.
1-2. She has the window open, however cold it is outside.
1-3. However carefully I explained, she still didn't understand.
When ever is used to emphasize how, meaning ‘In what way or manner?’, it is
usually written as a separate word
1-4. How ever did you get here so quickly?
2. in whatever way
2-1. However you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
3. used to introduce a statement that contrasts with something that has
just been said
3-1. He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
3-2. We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some
errors.
LDOCE
However adverb / conjunction
Adverb
however
1 used when you are adding a fact or piece of information that seems
surprising, or seems very different from what you have just said [=
nevertheless]:
1-1 This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.
1-2 an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treat
2 used to say that it does not matter how big, good, serious etc something is
because it will not change a situation in any way [= no matter how]:
2-1. You should report any incident, however minor it is.
2-2. We have to finish, however long it takes.
however much/many
2-3. I really want the car, however much it costs.
3 especially British English used to show surprise when you ask how something
happens or how someone does something:
3-1. However did he get that job?
Conjunction
however2
in whatever way:
1. You can do it however you like.
2. If we win the match we'll be delighted, however it happens.
MWLD
however / adverb
1. used when you are saying something that is different from or contrasts
with a previous statement
1-1. I'd like to go; however, I'd better not. [=I'd like to go, but I should
not]
1-2. The forecast is bad. It's possible, however, that conditions could
improve.
1-3. Sales are up this quarter. However, expenses have increased as well.
2. to whatever degree or extent : no matter how — used before an adjective
or adverb
2-1. However many people come [=whether a few people or many people come],
we'll be ready.
2-2. She couldn't convince him, however hard [=no matter how hard] she tried.
3. used as a more forceful way of saying how
3-1. However did you do that? [=how did you ever do that?]
however / conjunction
1. in whatever manner or way
1-1. Do it however you like.
1-2. I will help however I can.
從帳面這三本字典的例句中 我們可以試圖歸納出幾個原則或句型(如果你覺得那樣稱呼比
較好的話 也可以)
我們可觀察到however當以下幾個解釋時常見的寫法::
1. however:無論何種方式
A: However + S1 + V1 + , + S2 + V2
此處的however在字典中是有些歸類成副詞(OALD)有些歸類成連接詞(LDOCE)但實際的句子
的寫法比較像是從屬連接詞
參考例句:
OALD / adverb
2-1. However you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
LDOCE / conjunction
3. However you look at it, it was a wicked thing to do.
B: S1 + V2 + however + S2 + V2
參考例句:
MWLD
1-1. Do it however you like.
1-2. I will help however I can.
注意:句A中的S1V2 是句B中的S2V2
其中S1與S2可以一樣也可以不一樣
2. however:無論哪種程度
A: S1 + V1 + , + however + adv/adj (S2 + V2)
參考例句:
OALD/adverb
1-1. He wanted to take no risks, however small.
1-2. She has the window open, however cold it is outside.
MWLD
2-2. She couldn't convince him, however hard [=no matter how hard] she tried.
B: However + adv/adj + (S2 + V2) + , S1 + V1
參考例句:
OALD/adverb
1-3. However carefully I explained, she still didn't understand.
MWLD
2-1. However many people come [=whether a few people or many people come],
we'll be ready.
3. however: 然而
常見的有兩種寫法分別為
A: 句1跟句2分開寫
句1: S1 + V1+ … . 句2: However + (,) + S1 + V2
參考例句:
OALD/adverb
3-2. We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some
errors.
LDOCE/adverb
1-1 This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.
MWLD
1-3. Sales are up this quarter. However, expenses have increased as well.
B: 句1跟句2合在一起寫
S1 + V2 + ; + however + , + S2 + V2
參考例句:
MWLD
1-1. I'd like to go; however, I'd better not. [=I'd like to go, but I should
not]
以上的歸納是根據三本英英字典而來
但實際運用還是得靠多攝取英文文章來看實際運用方式
不保證however的用法只侷限上面所寫的
不同的作者或時期或地區寫法可能有所差異
但至少字典提供了我們一些基本的準則可以參考
以上文章提供給你作參考 若有錯誤請各位指正
謝謝
※ 引述《ntuyeh (酷小忍龍)》之銘言：
: １記得以前學的時候有說：Adv cl, Main cl.
: 或Main cl + Adv cl.
: 例如：Wherever he goes, he is welcome.
: He is welcome wherever he goes.
: 但現在看到一句：You can't catch up with a car, however fast you run.
: 為什麼這兒有逗點呢？
: ２書上給公式：Even if S1 V1···, S2 V2···
: ＝S2 V2···even if S1 V1···
: even though 亦同
: 但他自己下面例句有一句：Let's try, even though we may fail.
: 也沒有說是什麼原因還是例外之類的
: 為什麼寫書要寫得這樣自打臉呢OAO
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