Re: [文法] someone to look up to who

[theyangist (theyangist)]

※ 引述《t010323 (東區木瓜牛奶超好喝)》之銘言：
: 手機排版 如凌亂請見諒
: 補習班給的範例作文 題目是理想中的手足
: 其中有一句是
: Ideally,I would like an older sister,
: someone to look up to who could give me a hand.
: 最好是一個能幫助我，讓我依靠的大姐。
: 想請問各位高手們知道
: someone to look up to who
: 是什麼句型 或是什麼文法嗎？

我可以想像這裡的文法為外國學生有點複雜，在台灣還找不到課本給正確的答案。

英文有幾個辦法改變一個詞組或句子到其他的詞類：

例如，從形容詞到副詞：
ideal --> ideally

如果我們要轉換句子成一雙介詞組，要跟著這樣的過程進行：

換主詞（名詞組）從主詞型形到賓語型。
要保持動詞組的實詞（切斷情態動詞）,然後把實詞換到原型。
用這兩個介詞'for'跟'to'創造兩個介詞組。

1.) We are ready for transformation. （句子）
1.1.) [[for] us] [to] [be] ready for transformation （一雙介詞組）

看你的例子，也會這樣：

2.) I could look up to someone.
2.1.)[[for] me] [to] look up to someone

我們可以把(2.1)當做名詞組或介詞組，例如：
My teachers' dream was for me to look up to someone. （名詞組）
My parents' hope for me to look up to someone had died. （介詞組）

我們也可以利用這個過程轉換關係子句，但是要再加一個規則：

換主詞（名詞組）從主詞型形到賓語型。
保持動詞組的實詞（切斷情態動詞），然後把實詞換到原型。
用這兩個介詞'for'跟'to'創造兩個介詞組。
切斷關係詞。

3.) whom I could look up to
3.1.) [[for] me] [to] look up to

我們只能把(3.1)當做修飾名詞組的介詞組，例如：

4.) Ideally, I would like an older sister, someone to look up to
        who could give me a hand.
4.1.) Ideally, I would like an older sister, [who could be] someone
        [for me] to look up to [and] who could give me a hand.
4.11.) Ideally, I would like an older sister.
4.111.) I would like an older sister.
4.1111.) I would like a sister. （院子語句）
4.12.) That older sister could be someone [for me] to look up to
        [and] who could give me a hand.
4.121.) That older sister could be someone [whom] I could look up to
        [and] who could give me a hand.
4.1211.) That older sister could be someone [whom] I could look up to.
4.12111.) That older sister could be someone.
4.121111.) That sister could be someone. （原子語句）
4.12112.) I could look up to that someone.
4.1212.) That older sister could give me a hand.
4.12121.) That sister could give me a hand. （符合的、含有習語的句子）

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※ 編輯: theyangist (49.216.211.5), 10/28/2015 22:48:26
推 stu60912: 推，關代的部份以前會直接說英文採gap strategy
→ stu60912: 至於不定詞那個，不才有一個可能想法跟大家分享
→ stu60912: to write with a pen，這是一個T def的句子
→ stu60912: 如果要把to V變成adj，就不能再放到名詞的左邊，以免混
→ stu60912: 淆，所以不定詞當形容詞要採後位修飾，故為 a pen to
→ stu60912: write with，那with自然而然得保留
→ stu60912: 大大的(4.12)比如說，就可以說to look up to修飾someone
→ stu60912: 因為原本是to look up to someone，但對complementizer
→ stu60912: for的解釋就恐怖會有些違和囉？
→ stu60912:              怕