※ 引述《jtmh (:))》之銘言：
: ※ 引述《scju (QQ)》之銘言：
: : 大家好，請問一下
: : 1.在Longman Idioms Dictionary的SPIRIT條目中，看到這樣的例句：
: : Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals, varied by cooking in a disgusting
: : frying pan when the spirit moved him.
: : 裡頭consisted和varied都是動詞，卻只用逗號連接，是否有誤呢？
: : 如果是分詞，就變成：
: : Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals which were varied by cooking in a
: : disgusting frying pan when the spirit moved him.
: 我覺得這邊的
: varied by cooking in a disgusting frying pan when the spirit moved him
: 應該是補充說 Albert's diet 偶爾會有的變化，
: 而不是後面的 microwave meals。
如果是microwave meals，那就是：
Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals, which were varied by cooking in a
disgusting frying pan when the spirit moved him.
如果是指Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals這件事，那就是：
Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals, which was varied by cooking in a
disgusting frying pan when the spirit moved him.
也就是which後面會有單、複數be動詞的差異。
: : 那我想再問，類似的結構：
: : Depending on where you ate, small orders of fries could vary by 110 calories
: : and by 320 milligrams of sodium.
: : 為何同樣是vary後面加by，前面那句用被動語態，後面那句則是主動語態呢？
: : 想釐清這兩句話的by的意思。
: : 謝謝！
感謝！
查了OALD線上版
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/by_1?q=by
前面的那句的by應該是第二個意思：
used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or
causes something
後面的by則是第八個意思：
used to show the degree or amount of sth
翻譯大概是：
不同地點的餐廳，小份薯條的內容可能會有高達有110大卡熱量和320毫克鈉含量的差異。
以上是我的理解。謝謝！
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補充國外網友的回應：
The version with "which was" doesn't work. The reader will mentally replace
"which" with microwave meals, which is plural.
https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/249037-Is-it-a-run-on-sentence
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※ 編輯: scju (36.226.128.113), 04/23/2017 18:27:37