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大家好,請教一下 在Practical English Usage 3rd寫道: 177.7 comparative structures with 'as' and 'than' 說明:We can leave out words after 'as' and 'than', if the meaning is clear. 例句: The weather isn't as good as last year. (= as it was last year.) I found more blackberries than you. (= than you found.) (請注意,這裡用的是「等號」) -------- 581 'than' and 'as' as subjects, objects and complements 說明:subjects: more than is necessary; as happened 例句: He worries more than is necessary. (NOT ... more than it/what is necessary.) The train might be late, as happened yesterday. (NOT ... as it happened yesterday.) (請注意,這裡明確說出了「NOT」) -------- 所以我就不太懂,為何同樣是as、than的比較結構,有時候主詞可以選擇要不要保留, 有時候卻又非刪除不可?不曉得關鍵點在哪裡呢? 特別是這兩句: The weather isn't as good as last year. (= as it was last year.) He worries more than is necessary. (NOT ... more than it/what is necessary.) 這兩個it應該都和前面代指的事情重複,為何一個可以保留,一個一定要刪除? 謝謝! PS 此篇有同步貼在英語論壇,若有回應,會將內容張貼過來,和大家一起討論。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 36.226.129.251 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1505448992.A.FAC.html ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 12:25:33
NCUking: He worries more than [it] is necessary. 09/15 13:15
NCUking: 這樣會很奇怪 it 指得是什麼呢? 09/15 13:16
NCUking: The weather isn't as good as it was last year. 09/15 13:20
NCUking: 這句it很清楚就是the weather 09/15 13:20
sunny1991225: to worry? (給個猜測 09/15 13:22
sunny1991225: 雖然我都是直接把這類比較"不公式化"的比較級用記的 09/15 13:23
sunny1991225: 了... 09/15 13:23
sunny1991225: 話說在more than is necessary這種例子裡,就算可以 09/15 13:29
sunny1991225: 勉強塞一個東西當作你覺得缺掉的"it",這還是跟一般 09/15 13:29
sunny1991225: 的比較級不太像。一般比較級能夠建立的前提是你有某 09/15 13:30
sunny1991225: 種兩個對象共有的性質(high、tall、fat...)可以比較 09/15 13:30
sunny1991225: ,但這裡的worries more的more如果是副詞的話,應該 09/15 13:31
sunny1991225: 是指頻率 09/15 13:31
sunny1991225: 我想都想不到後半的句子有哪個部分會有這個特性 09/15 13:32
He worries more than [it] is necessary. 我覺得這個it可以指He worries這件事情。 ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 13:42:16
sunny1991225: scju:我的意思是,你回去看看the weather isn't as 09/15 13:51
sunny1991225: good as it was這句 09/15 13:52
sunny1991225: 那邊他們在比較的對象很清楚,就是good這個性質 09/15 13:52
sunny1991225: (放到整句話就是在說天氣好壞的特性 09/15 13:52
sunny1991225: 但是如果真的是還原成你寫的那個句子,這個more看起 09/15 13:53
sunny1991225: 來不會像the weather那一句一樣是一個比較級前後的 09/15 13:54
sunny1991225: 語句中的物件都有的特性 09/15 13:54
sunny1991225: 前面那句話的more如果是副詞,意思會是他煩惱的頻率 09/15 13:56
sunny1991225: 或程度很高,這個副詞有辦法套到後半的句子上做比較 09/15 13:57
sunny1991225: 嗎? 09/15 13:57
所以sunny你的意思是說,雖然底下這兩句都是「比較」的結構,但其實是不太一樣? The weather isn't as good as it was. He worries more than is necessary. ---- 但是我有一個假設: He worries more than [it] is necessary. 這句的it就是因為是重複的比較點,所以被省略掉了。 如同這裡說的 https://i.imgur.com/PgO2vIb.jpg 既然如此,為何這句 The weather isn't as good as it was. 'it'也是重複的比較點,卻可以選擇不用省略呢? ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 14:26:17
sunny1991225: 你搞錯我的意思了。我的意思是一般比較級在比較的 09/15 14:28
sunny1991225: 是adj或者adv的強度 09/15 14:28
sunny1991225: 這預設了前後兩句話都可以套用那個特定的adj或adv 09/15 14:29
sunny1991225: 像是在He is taller than you are (tall)這種句子 09/15 14:30
sunny1991225: 我們在比較的其實不是兩個人,而是兩個人的身高 09/15 14:30
sunny1991225: 但在He worries more than is necessary.這個句子上 09/15 14:31
sunny1991225: 我看不太出來這裡的more(如果是指擔心的頻率)怎麼樣 09/15 14:31
sunny1991225: 可以套到後半的is necessary上 09/15 14:32
sunny1991225: 所以雖然這是一個固定用法,我卻覺得它很難用一般的 09/15 14:32
sunny1991225: 比較級公式去看待 09/15 14:33
你的意思是說, He worries more than is necessary. 這句和一般的比較級不一樣,無法用「重複的比較點應該省略」的方式去理解? (因為它根本沒有「重複的比較點」) 那這樣的話,你會如果理解這句話的架構呢?尤其是 ...than is necessary 這部分。 ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 14:38:52
sunny1991225: 如果要硬要解(雖然我是建議直接記用法就好了...) 09/15 14:51
sunny1991225: 或許這裡的more其實不是副詞,而是more things的省 09/15 14:52
sunny1991225: 略。不過這個解法我也找不到證據支持... 09/15 14:52
sunny1991225: (就變成he worries more things than he worries 09/15 14:54
sunny1991225: what is necessary.) 09/15 14:54
sunny1991225: 翻了一下手邊的書才想到,你把more當代名詞的話 09/15 15:26
sunny1991225: 其實國內有些人(像賴世雄)會把這裡的than叫做準關係 09/15 15:26
sunny1991225: 代名詞。但這個解釋方式是不是國外也接受,我是有點 09/15 15:27
sunny1991225: 懷疑 09/15 15:27
sunny1991225: 賴世雄自己書裡的意思有點像是這樣: 09/15 15:27
sunny1991225: I have more money than is needed. 09/15 15:28
sunny1991225: 賴說這裡的than其實可以被看作than the money which 09/15 15:29
sunny1991225: 這個理解方式套到你問的句子,就變成底下這樣: 09/15 15:29
sunny1991225: He worries more (things) than (he worries) the 09/15 15:31
sunny1991225: things which is necessary. 09/15 15:32
sunny1991225: (還是強調,這是賴世雄自己的解釋方式,他並沒有說 09/15 15:36
sunny1991225: 國外有人這樣講 09/15 15:36
感謝! 還想請問一下,如果在比較架構裡頭,真的有「重複的比較點必須刪除」這項規則, 那麼這個例句就應該有問題才是: The weather isn't as good as last year. (= as it was last year.) 因為it就是指前面的The weather,應該不能寫成 The weather isn't as good as it was last year. 所以實際上到底能不能這樣寫呢? 還是說並沒有「重複的比較點必須刪除」這種強制規則? 謝謝。 補充英語論壇的回覆 https://goo.gl/RHnmPs --- 我問: In this sentence: The weather isn't as good as last year. (= as it was last year.) 'it' can be omitted or not. But in this sentence: He worries more than is necessary. (NOT ... more than it/what is necessary.) 'it' must be omitted. Why? 網友Mister Micawber 回應: Not 'must be'—'what' is just more awkward because less used than 'it' is in 'as it was last year'. 我再問: You mean these are grammatically correct? He worries more than it is necessary. He worries more than what is necessary. 他回應: Yes, that does not really offend me; it is just, as I say, awkward. ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 17:18:15
sunny1991225: 我不覺得那是"錯"的,只是語言有它的習慣 09/15 17:26
sunny1991225: 那位網友說的awkward大概就是Michael Swan為什麼會 09/15 17:28
sunny1991225: 建議這麼做。Swan並不是說它是grammatically wrong, 09/15 17:28
sunny1991225: 而是人們會聽不懂你想表達的意思 09/15 17:28
sunny1991225: 像是上面賴世雄提供的那種拆解方式(把than當作某種 09/15 17:30
sunny1991225: 類似relative pronoun的東西)或許比較方便你理解這 09/15 17:30
sunny1991225: 句話,但外國人即使沒有用準關代這種解釋方式,也都 09/15 17:30
sunny1991225: 知道這種句子怎麼用 09/15 17:30
感謝回應! 換句話說,底下這兩句都是對的,那也就說,「重複的比較點必須刪除」未必都是真的? The weather isn't as good as last year. The weather isn't as good as it was last year. ※ 編輯: scju (36.226.129.251), 09/15/2017 19:25:10