[文法] that 形容詞子句 或 名詞子句 ？

[KEVINISCOOL ()]

關於Having said this這段（第二段）

第四行開始
This is surprising given that organizations invest huge amounts of money in deve
loping packaging that they believe is effective

這邊that they believe is effective 的 that 所引導的是名詞子句當同位語嗎？
補充說明organizations invest huge amounts of money in developing packaging這件事
他們（organizations）相信是有效的？

第十行
It has already led to some important findings that challenge the ways….
也是同位語嗎？
還是形容詞子句？
要怎麼去分辨什麼時候當同位語，什麼時候當形容詞子句？ 謝謝。

https://imgur.com/a/CwMIV5Z

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推 exempt: that+完整子句 (主詞+動詞+受詞都不缺)=同位語
→ exempt: that+不完整子句 (缺主詞或受詞)=形容詞子句
→ KEVINISCOOL: 謝謝e大的解釋，這樣分有較為清楚了