標記好讀版：http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2015/05/blog-post.html
同步刊載於：https://www.facebook.com/groups/A2GMAT/permalink/827727500614189/
讓我們用這個正確句子做開頭：
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion
members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans that impose stricter
limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients[,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
spending less time with each.]
請注意最後的句尾,Ving結構 ",spending less time with each."
以前我們的理解都是，句尾Ving的邏輯主語要嘛是前句主詞，
要嘛是全句整件事情，但是這個正確句子，怎麼看spending都抓的是doctors，
doctors既不是主詞，也不是整件事情，怎麼會這樣呢？
所以這裡要來釐清一下「邏輯主語」的概念。
要懂邏輯主語，就要先懂「修飾對象」。
句尾,Ving若不是當單純修飾句尾名詞的非限定形容詞片語（N, Ving...），
那麼就可以是三種作用的其中一種：1. 補充說明 2. 附帶結果 3. 連續動作。
但請記住，不論是哪一種作用，修飾對象都是「最靠近它的動作（事件）」。
而要找邏輯主語，就應該是先去看在句意上該句尾,Ving到底是修飾哪個動作/事件，
那個動作的發出者/或者是整件事情本身，就是邏輯主語。
像這個例題中，spending less time with each（在每個病人身上花的時間更少）
句意上是see more patients（看更多病人）的後果，
所以修飾對象是see這個動作，那邏輯主語就會是see的動作發出者doctors。
所以這裡的spending抓的合理邏輯主語是doctors。
請觀察以下正確句子中，句尾,Ving在句意上所修飾的都是靠近它的動作/事件
我把Ving結構用[ ]標示，句意上的修飾對象用( )標示。
Executives and federal officials say that (the use of crack and cocaine is
growing rapidly among workers) [, significantly compounding the effects of
drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion
a year.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in
Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by (filing a deed of
emancipation)[, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally
considered his property.]
（修飾動作filing的發出者Robert Carter III當邏輯主語）
(The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's
air-traffic control system)[, leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at
airports and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being
compromised.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well
as the weather, (which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions)[,
slowing sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa,
(animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of
military equipment)[, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.]
（修飾對象是謂語格＋主詞補語 were essential items，
抓修飾對象的主語animal-hide shields）
(The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously
unseen moons circling Uranus)[, doubling to twelve the number of satellites
now known to orbit the distant planet.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
(Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer)[,
bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants
from Norway began in 1975.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to
major in education, while (28 percent chose business)[, making it the most
popular major for women as well as for men.]
（事件當邏輯主語）
有沒有發現，儘管句子中有好幾個動作/事件，句尾,Ving在句意上的修飾對象
永遠是最靠近它的動作/事件。
所以請不要再傻傻地只會去往句子最前面找主詞囉。
你遇到句尾,Ving時，應該是要：
先喵一眼句意是不是修飾句尾單一名詞（一般非限定修飾用法）
再檢查是不是在句意上正確修飾最靠近它的動作/事件
如果發現Ving的主詞不能是整個事件
（像spending less time with each一定要是人才能做的）
那就再去找該動作/事件在句意上的發出者，檢查是否能夠對得上Ving。
至於句首的Ving分詞結構呢？
請記住，唯一的修飾對象，就是「主句整句話（也就是主句的謂語）」。
各位可以拿出正確句子集合對照一下囉。
Dustin
--
Dustin Deng
(一戰自修760，AWA 5.5)
Dustin/A2GMAT 全科機經班：
http://goo.gl/forms/MVTOkB4jjD
GMAT自修資源部落格：
http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/A2GMAT/
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※ 編輯: danyuchn (114.43.152.22), 05/15/2015 08:49:22