推 ryder81704: 推舉例淺顯易懂又有畫面 07/27 21:44
完整版:http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2015/07/blog-post_22.html
感謝分享
補充一個判斷方式
怎麼樣判斷有「跳躍概念」出現呢?
首先,你必須抓到結論句
(相信結論句怎麼抓應該是眾版友必備能力)
結論句出現premise中沒有提到的新概念,即為有可能出現跳躍概念的地方。
for example:
他家很有錢,所以他一定不會貪汙。
Premise:D的家裡很有錢
Conclusion:D一定不會貪汙
「貪汙」是Premise中沒有提到過,而結論才出現的概念,所以結論要成立
必須要把「貪汙」跟「家裡有錢」連結在一起
故assumption:很有錢的人一定不會貪汙
再舉一例:
for example:
Premise:P是醫生
Conclusion:P不適合當市長
「市長」是premise沒提到,在結論才出現的概念,那就要去把
「市長」跟premise已有的概念「醫生」結合在一起。
故assumption:作醫生的人不適合當市長。
(p.s. 以上即為689的神邏輯 ㄎㄎ)
< 此處以OG2016新題舉例 >
41. Although there is no record of poet Edmund Spenser’s parentage,
we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School
in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate
that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser:
Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s
Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.” Of
these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely
Edmund’s father, since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar
who attended the school at a reduced fee.
題目大意:
誰是Edmund Spenser的老爸?
premise 1. 我們能確定的是他老爸在1560-1570年間有入裁縫師學校
去調資料,發現當時學校記錄裡有三個Spenser:
1. Robert Spenser 上流紳士
2. Nicholas Spenser 學院主任
3. John Spenser 做衣服的的零工
(we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School
in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate
that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser:
Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s
Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.”)
premise 2. Edmund上學的時候是繳減免過的學費。
(since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar
who attended the school at a reduced fee.)
結論:最不有錢的那個John Spenser一定是他老爸
( Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most
likely Edmund’s father,)
有沒有發現?
結論突然跳出一個「有沒有錢」(affluent)的新概念,
在前面的premise 1 沒有提到(只有講職業),
premise 2也沒有提到(只有講reduced fee)
判斷出結論出現前面premise沒有提到的新概念之後,
答案就是往斷橋的方向走,試圖建立 「有沒有錢」與「減免學費」之間的關係:
(E) The Merchant Tailors’ School did not reduce its fees for the children
of the more affluent Guild members.
有錢的人不會被減免學費。
此即為正確答案
有機會再跟版友們一起分享更多自修心得
也謝謝Donz老師在此熱心分享
Dustin
※ 引述《ndxica ()》之銘言:
: 完整版: http://ndxica.pixnet.net/blog/post/31916929
: Assumption 為做出一個完整的 Argument or Plan 時,一個已經認定的既定事實。
: 既然是既定事實。則此 Argument or Plan 就會有一個 "似有似無" 的跳躍思考部分。
: For example: 我討厭說謊的人,所以我討厭政治家。
: 中間跳躍思考部分,很明顯的就是"政治家就是說謊的人"。
: 因為這是認定事實,所以不會在 argument 時出現。
: 而這是 Assumption 最基本的定義及思考方向。
: OG 的例題如下:
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But
: since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with
: an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason,
: cabinetmaking is not art.
: Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion
: above from the reason given for that conclusion?
: Ans: An object is not an art object if its maker
: pays attention to the object's practical utility.
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 用中文簡單陳述一下,作者在題目中,認為
: 木匠做家具注重實用性 --> 木工不是藝術
: 很明顯,他將實用性和藝術當成一項因果關係做成 Argument,
: 所以這裡就是跳躍思考之處。一般來說,
: 我們並不會認為這兩者有絕對的關係。
: 所以作者必定認為注重實用性的就不是藝術,也就是我們的答案。
: 在此加入第二個 Example:
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because,
: with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the
: requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
: The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
: Ans: Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are
: unsuited to the requirements of the job.
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 用中文簡單陳述一下,作者在題目中,認為 應徵者不合工作需求,將會排除在考量之外
: --> Interview 是一個很重要的應徵過程
: 在這個因果關係當中,原因並沒有陳述 interview 的作用,
: 但結論卻直接下了和 Interview 很重要的結論。
: 因此,對作者來說,Interview 有分辨應徵者是否合乎工作需求的功能。
: 有如此的答案 (Answer C) 即可填入:
: 面試官可以明確分辨應徵者是否不合工作需求
: 所以在解 Assumption 第一步,就是先看是否有跳躍思考的空間,
: 有解釋跳躍思考的答案,則為不錯的答案可填入。
--
Dustin Deng
(一戰自修760,AWA 5.5)
Dustin/A2GMAT 全科機經班:
http://a2gmat.blogspot.tw/p/blog-page.html
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GMAT/M.1433954252.A.2EC.html
GMAT自修資源部落格:
http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw
A2GMAT線上解題、討論Group:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/A2GMAT/
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 42.73.245.179
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GMAT/M.1437575450.A.E80.html
※ 編輯: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:31:52
※ 編輯: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:37:49