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完整版:http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2015/07/blog-post_22.html 感謝分享 補充一個判斷方式 怎麼樣判斷有「跳躍概念」出現呢? 首先,你必須抓到結論句 (相信結論句怎麼抓應該是眾版友必備能力) 結論句出現premise中沒有提到的新概念,即為有可能出現跳躍概念的地方。 for example: 他家很有錢,所以他一定不會貪汙。 Premise:D的家裡很有錢 Conclusion:D一定不會貪汙 「貪汙」是Premise中沒有提到過,而結論才出現的概念,所以結論要成立 必須要把「貪汙」跟「家裡有錢」連結在一起 故assumption:很有錢的人一定不會貪汙 再舉一例: for example: Premise:P是醫生 Conclusion:P不適合當市長 「市長」是premise沒提到,在結論才出現的概念,那就要去把 「市長」跟premise已有的概念「醫生」結合在一起。 故assumption:作醫生的人不適合當市長。 (p.s. 以上即為689的神邏輯 ㄎㄎ) < 此處以OG2016新題舉例 > 41. Although there is no record of poet Edmund Spenser’s parentage, we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser: Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.” Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely Edmund’s father, since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar who attended the school at a reduced fee. 題目大意: 誰是Edmund Spenser的老爸? premise 1. 我們能確定的是他老爸在1560-1570年間有入裁縫師學校 去調資料,發現當時學校記錄裡有三個Spenser: 1. Robert Spenser 上流紳士 2. Nicholas Spenser 學院主任 3. John Spenser 做衣服的的零工 (we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser: Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.”) premise 2. Edmund上學的時候是繳減免過的學費。 (since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar who attended the school at a reduced fee.) 結論:最不有錢的那個John Spenser一定是他老爸 ( Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely Edmund’s father,) 有沒有發現? 結論突然跳出一個「有沒有錢」(affluent)的新概念, 在前面的premise 1 沒有提到(只有講職業), premise 2也沒有提到(只有講reduced fee) 判斷出結論出現前面premise沒有提到的新概念之後, 答案就是往斷橋的方向走,試圖建立 「有沒有錢」與「減免學費」之間的關係: (E) The Merchant Tailors’ School did not reduce its fees for the children of the more affluent Guild members. 有錢的人不會被減免學費。 此即為正確答案 有機會再跟版友們一起分享更多自修心得 也謝謝Donz老師在此熱心分享 Dustin ※ 引述《ndxica ()》之銘言: : 完整版: http://ndxica.pixnet.net/blog/post/31916929 : Assumption 為做出一個完整的 Argument or Plan 時,一個已經認定的既定事實。 : 既然是既定事實。則此 Argument or Plan 就會有一個 "似有似無" 的跳躍思考部分。 : For example: 我討厭說謊的人,所以我討厭政治家。 : 中間跳躍思考部分,很明顯的就是"政治家就是說謊的人"。 : 因為這是認定事實,所以不會在 argument 時出現。 : 而這是 Assumption 最基本的定義及思考方向。 : OG 的例題如下: : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But : since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with : an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, : cabinetmaking is not art. : Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion : above from the reason given for that conclusion? : Ans: An object is not an art object if its maker : pays attention to the object's practical utility. : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 用中文簡單陳述一下,作者在題目中,認為 : 木匠做家具注重實用性 --> 木工不是藝術 : 很明顯,他將實用性和藝術當成一項因果關係做成 Argument, : 所以這裡就是跳躍思考之處。一般來說, : 我們並不會認為這兩者有絕對的關係。 : 所以作者必定認為注重實用性的就不是藝術,也就是我們的答案。 : 在此加入第二個 Example: : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, : with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the : requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration. : The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions? : Ans: Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are : unsuited to the requirements of the job. : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 用中文簡單陳述一下,作者在題目中,認為 應徵者不合工作需求,將會排除在考量之外 : --> Interview 是一個很重要的應徵過程 : 在這個因果關係當中,原因並沒有陳述 interview 的作用, : 但結論卻直接下了和 Interview 很重要的結論。 : 因此,對作者來說,Interview 有分辨應徵者是否合乎工作需求的功能。 : 有如此的答案 (Answer C) 即可填入: : 面試官可以明確分辨應徵者是否不合工作需求 : 所以在解 Assumption 第一步,就是先看是否有跳躍思考的空間, : 有解釋跳躍思考的答案,則為不錯的答案可填入。 -- Dustin Deng (一戰自修760,AWA 5.5) Dustin/A2GMAT 全科機經班: http://a2gmat.blogspot.tw/p/blog-page.html https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GMAT/M.1433954252.A.2EC.html GMAT自修資源部落格: http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw A2GMAT線上解題、討論Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/A2GMAT/ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 42.73.245.179 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GMAT/M.1437575450.A.E80.html ※ 編輯: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:31:52 ※ 編輯: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:37:49
ryder81704: 推舉例淺顯易懂又有畫面 07/27 21:44