[問題] ㄧ道閱讀題求解～

[hermione6626 (Hermione)]

Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their f
orm and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technolo
gists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using non-scientific mod
es of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist
thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are de
alt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Wes
tern technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed
 the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids
, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but
 because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.

The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly e
very artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a techno
logist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by c
ontinually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be th
e shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should i
t have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are
 supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available
 space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickne
ss and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscienti
fic component of design remains primary.

Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula.
 Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perce
ptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptiv
e processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is
sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes
and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that whe
n the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawing
s made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its histori
cal record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisi
te abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending arch
itectural schools.

If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum pr
ovide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided,
 we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engi
neering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded
with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fa
n sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague a
utomatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflec
tion of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a proble
m in mathematics.


1. Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to th
e passage?

(A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developmen
ts must be derived from science ignores the many non-scientific decisions made
 by technologists.

(B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of techno
logical development.

(C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose si
ght of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions abo
ut form, arrangement, and texture.

(D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects
a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once
common among engineers.

(E) A technologist thinking about a machine, reasoning through the successive
steps in a dynamic process, can actually turn the machine over mentally.

這題我選c但答案是a~不清處為何a對@@

2.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the fir
st two paragraphs of the text？

　　[A] When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions,it is the technologis
t who is best equipped to repair it.

　　[B] Each component of an automobile — for example,the engine or the fuel
tank — has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited
to that component''s function.

　　[C] A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using on
ly nonverbal thought.

　　[D] The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer''
s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.

這題答案是d,想請問為何b不對～

還麻煩大家幫忙解答了，謝謝！


--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 223.136.116.218
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GRE/M.1432484407.A.1D0.html
→ xiezl       : 想請問一下妙麗，能否先說一下對於(B)的想法，
→ xiezl       : 這樣好針對問題來說明。謝謝。
→ hermione6626: 因為前面文章第二段有一連串的問號那邊回答是說說by
→ hermione6626:  experience, by physical requirements, by limita
→ hermione6626: tions of available space,and not least by absenc
→ hermione6626: e of form. 不知道b是不是scientifically這個字出
→ hermione6626: 問題了@@還麻煩老師指點迷津><