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原文分析：由於原 po 所問的內容，一題是考全文含意，一題是考
前兩段的例示，因此只需要將原文的主旨句與主題句挑出來即可。
第一段：
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by
science, but their form and function, their dimensions and
appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans,
designers, inventors, and engineers---using nonscientific
modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects
that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to
unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the
mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of
Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and
large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details
of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and
rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but
because they were first a picture in the minds of those who
built them.
本段第一句：
許多日常物品受到科學的影響，但是其形狀、功能、大
小以及外觀卻是由相關人員以非科學的思考模式所決定。
本段最後一句：
金字塔、大教堂、火箭並非由幾何學或熱力學決定，而是當初設計
人心裡所存有的意象而定。（此乃第一句的舉例）
第二段：
The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be
seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in
designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress
individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by
continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and
fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber?
Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or
short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that
are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by
limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of
form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin
diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the
nonscientific component of design remains primary.
本段第一句：（即主題句）
技術人員的創意塑形過程可以從幾乎任何存在的人工製品看得到。
第三段：
Design courses, then, should be an essential element in
engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central
mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the
stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because
perceptive processes are not assumed to entail ``hard
thinking,'' nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a
primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes
and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is
paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American
Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines
and isometric views of industrial processes for its
historical record of American engineering, the only college
students with the requisite abilities were not engineering
students, but rather students attending architectural
schools.
本段第一句：（即主題句）
設計課程應該是工程學科重要的元素。
第四段：
If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical
engineering curriculum provide the background required for
practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect
to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced
engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed
railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable
to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the
electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague
automatic control systems are not merely trivial
aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results
when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in
mathematics.
本段第一句：（即主題句）
如果工程課程裡不提供設計課，那麼我們將會看到在先進工程系統
中，出現愚蠢但代價昂貴的錯誤。
綜合整理出主旨：工程課程中需要設計課。
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解題：
1. Which of the following statements would best serve as an
introduction to the passage?
(A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in
technological developments must be derived from
science ignores the many non-scientific decisions
made by technologists.
(B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in
the success of technological development.
(C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the
tendency has been to lose sight of the important role
played by scientific thought in making decisions
about form, arrangement, and texture.
(D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a
technician's degree reflects a demand for graduates
who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was
once common among engineers.
(E) A technologist thinking about a machine, reasoning
through the successive steps in a dynamic process,
can actually turn the machine over mentally.
答案內容：
(C) 當科技知識增加時，我們會看不到科學思想所扮演角色的重要性
。
解說：根據原文各主題句與主旨，我們看不到的是「非科學」的
重要性。因此 (C) 寫反了。
(A) 認為科技發展一定來自於科學的想法，忽略了許多由專技人員所
做的非科學的判斷。
解說：根據各主題句與主旨，大部分的人造物品都有科學與非科
學兩種成分，因此獨厚科學的想法，顯然有疏漏，也就是 (A)
中所述的「忽略……」。
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[註：]以下題目為原來ETS全真題的內容，原po提供的有遺漏
2. Which of the following statements best illustrates the
main point of the first two paragraphs of the
passage?
(A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it
is the technologist who is best equipped to repair
it.
(B) Each component of an automobile---for example, the
engine or the fuel tank---has a shape that has been
scientifically determined to be best suited to that
component's function.
(C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by
technologists using only nonverbal thought.
(D) The designer of a new refrigerator should consider
the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on
its final form.
(E) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge
reflect its designer's conceptualization as well as
the physical requirements of its site.
答案內容：
(B) 汽車中的每個零件的形狀，都是在最適合該元件的功能情況下，
以科學決定之。
解說：根據第一段第一句，與最後一句，這些東西會是由非科學
因素所決定。因此 (B) 不合乎原文所述。
(E) 吊橋的特性一方面反映了設計者的觀念，同時也反映了該橋所處
位置的物理需求。
解說：答案 (E) 表達了一件物品有其科學、與非科學兩個面相
，因此忠實呈現了原文前兩段的主張。
至於第二段中一堆問句之後，最後一句仍然強調非科學因素乃是其主
要考量。因而 (B) 中所稱純然科學考量，就不對了。
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以上，提供各位參考
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