4.請閱讀以下摘要後，回答問題(14分)
Early-life interventions in the intestinal enviroment have previoulsy
been shown to influence diabetes incidence. We therefore hypothesized that a
gluten-fee(GF) diet, known to decrease the incidence of type 1 diabetes, would
protect against the development of diabetes when fed only during the pregnancy
and lactation period. Pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were fed a GF or
standard diet until all pups were weaned to a standard diet. The early-life GF
environment dramatically decreased the incidence of diabetes. Gut microbiota
analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a pronounced difference between
both mothers and their offspring on different diets. Intestinal gene expressio
of proinflammatory cytokines was reduced.(摘錄自Diabetes. 2014 Aug;63:2821-32)
(1)請以中文簡述以上研究新發現與可能機轉。(5分)
(2)何謂gluten-fee diet 哪些疾病或狀況需用此飲食?(5分)
(3)此篇gene sequencing與gene expression各是在檢測什麼?(4分)
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