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課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰經濟學系、會計學系、財務金融學系、國際企業學系必修 兼 通識A5
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟學系、會計學系、財務金融學系、國際企業學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2017-01-13
考試時限（分鐘）：0910-1230 共200mins
試題 :
Part I 選擇題（30%，須附解釋。選項正確而解釋錯誤，得2分。）
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1. Which of the following occurs if the production of a good gives rise to
positive extenalities?
(A) The marginal social cose curve lies to the right of the supply curve
(B) The marginal social cose curve lies to the left of the supply curve
(C) The marginal social benefit curve lies to the right of the demand curve
(D) The marginal social benefit curve lies to the left of the demand curve
2. A 3rd-degree price discriminating monopolist can sell its output either in
the domestic market or in the foriegn market or both. Having sold all of its
output, it discovers that the marginal revenue in the domestic market is $50
while its marginal revenue in the foriegn market is $60. To maximize profits
the firm should
(A) have sold more output in the domestic markey and less in the foriegn
market
(B) do nothing until it aquires more information om costs
(C) have sold less output in the domestic market and more in the foriegn
market
(D) sell less in both markets until marginal revenue is zero
3. The matric game is called "Prisoner's dilemma", which statement of the
payoffs is correct?
┌────────────┬───┬────┐
│Prisoner A＼Prisoner B │Silent│Confess │
├────────────┼───┼────┤
│Silent │ a,a │ b,c │
├────────────┼───┼────┤
│Confess │ c,b │ d,d │
└────────────┴───┴────┘
(A) It could be a>c>b>d
(B) It could be b>d>a>c
(C) It could be a>c>d>b
(D) It could be c>a>d>b
4. When a firm hires 10 units of labor, 20 pens are produced. When it hires
another unit of labor, the total output increases to 23 pens. If the price
of one pen is $2, the value of marginal product of the 11th unit of labor is
(A) $1.5
(B) $2
(C) $4
(D) $6
5. Assume that both the goods and the labor market are perfectly competitive.
If at equilibrium, the marginal cost faced by a firm is $3 and the market
wage rate is $6, the marginal product of the last unit of labor fired by
the firm must be
(A) 0.5 units
(B) 2 unit
(C) 9 unit
(D) 18 unit
6. Consider a market as Figure 1 If the government subsidies $2/unit for
consumer, the which of the following statement is not true?
(A) After the subsidies, the deadweight loss is the area G
(B) After the subsidies, consumer surplus is the area A+B+D+F
(C) After the subsidies, the producer surplus is the area B+C+D+E
(D) After the subsidies, the social surplus is the area A+B+D+E-G
Price │
│ ╲ ╱S
│ ╲ ╱
│ ╲ ╲ ╱
│A ╲ ╲ ╱
P2├——─╲—──╳
│B ╲ C╱│╲
P1├———─ ╳ G│ ╲
│D ╱ ╲│ ╲
│ ╱ F│H ╲ ╲
P2-$2├——╱──┼─┼╲───╲
│E ╱ │ │ ╲ ╲D+$2
│╱ │ │ ╲D ╲
└─────────────────
Q1 Q2 Quanity
7. The deadweight loss due to a __ is always smaller than the deadweight loss
due to a __.
(A) tax on each unit sold; per unit sold on each unit bought
(B) per unit tax on each unit sold; unit tax on each unit bought
(C) tax on each unit sold; lump-sum tax
(D) lump-sum tax; tax on each unit bought
8. It takes a machine 3 hrs to make a unit of Good X, and 1 hr to make a unit
of Good Y. If the machine can be used for 10 hrs, which of the following
combinations will on its production possibilities curve?
(A) 5 unit of X and 2 unit of Y
(B) 3 unit of X and 4 unit of Y
(C) 2 unit of X and 2 unit of Y
(D) 6 unit of X only
9. Figure 2 shows the marginal cost curves of 2 profit-maximaizing firms (Firm
A amd Firm B)in a perfectly competitive market. Which of following statement
is true?
(A) Firm A produces at a lower marginal cost
(B) For a particular market price, Firm A will enjoy a greater producer
surolus
(C) Firm B will have a higher reservation value the Firm A
(D) The profit-maximizing level of oytput of Firm B will be greater than
that of Firm A at all price.
10. A machine that can be used to print notebooks and magazines is availabe for
use a fixed period of time. If it is used only for printing notebooks, 30
notebooks can be printed. If it used for printing magazines, 15 magazines
can be printed. What is the opportunity cost of printing one notebook?
What is the opportunity cost of printing one magazine?
(A) 0.5 magazines; 2 notebooks
(B) 1 magazine; 2 notebooks
(C) 15 magazines; 30 notebooks
(D) 30 magazines; 15 notebooks
Part II 計算題（50%，須附計算過程。僅有答案而未附計算，不給分。）
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1. The following figure shows the demand curve for Good X in a perfectly
competitive market. Later, the government grant one of the firms the
exclusive right to manufacture and sell Good X. MR represents the marginal
revenue curve of thhe firm when it operates as a monopoly. Yhe marginal cost
of producing Good X is constant at $3.
(P)│
9│ ╲
│﹨ ╲
│ ﹨ ╲
6├───-╲
│ ﹨ |╲
│ \ | ╲
3├─────────────── MC
│ |\MR | ╲
│ | ﹨ | ╲
└───────────────
30 45 60 90 (Q)
(1) What is the quanity supplied when the market is perfectly competitive?
What happens to the quanity supplied once the market changes to a
monopoly? (2%)
(2) What is the market price when the market is perfectly competitve? What
is the market price when the market changes to a monopoly? (2%)
(3) What is the change in consumer surplus when the market changes from
pefectly competition a monopoly? (2%)
(4) What is the deadweight loss when the market is converted into a monopoly
? (2%)
(5) If the average total cost of the monopolist is $4 per unit when it
produces the optimal output, determine his profit or loss. (2%)
(6) If a monopoly engages in 1st-degree price discrimination, what is the
change in producer surplus? (PS: compared with perfectly competitive
market) (2%)
2. Jacob owns a small bakery with short-run cost function
TC(Q) = aQ^3 + bQ^2 + CQ + d.
Determine the signs of the constants a,b,c,d accroding to the normal
properties of a cost function. (3%)
3. Newt Scamander Ltd. is the publisher of a famous textbook "Fantastic Beats
and Wher to Find Them" in the UK which is a monopolist with total cost
TC(Q) = Q^2 + 16, and the UK market demand is P = 100 - Q , where P and Q
are the price and quanity of the textbook, respectively.
(1) Determine the firm's price and quanity. (2%)
(2) What is the firm's profit? (2%)
(3) If the Newt Scamander also sells his textbooks to the other countries
and be a price-takeron the international market. Assume the
international price is $60. Determine how many textbooks the firm sell
to the international market? How many books the firm sell to the
domestic market? What is the price in the domestic market? (6%)
4. A monopolistic firm can utilize variety of price discrimination to grab more
benefit. Let's consider the case of "3-rd-degree" price discrimination.
Suppose Disneyland Amunsment Park could set its ticket prices for two groups
of customers: adults and children, each with respective demand function.
The demand of adults is P = 1000 - 2Qa, whereas the demand of children is
P = 700 - Qc. The cost function for Disneyland to operate is TC = 100Q
where Q = Qa + Qc.
(1) Derive the marginal revenue functions dor the adult's market (MRa) and
the children's market (MRc) repectively. (2%)
(2) The equilibrium conditon for Disneyland in the case of "3rd-degree"
price discrimination is MRa = MRc = MC. Use the conditon to derive the
equilibrium price and quantity in each od the two markets. (2%)
(3) Use your economic intuition to explain wht Disneyland would set its
price according to the condition MRa = MRc = MC? (2%)
(4) Let;s dig a little further bt thinking how Disneyland can benefit from
price discrimination compared with the case without it. Suppose
Disneyland could only set a single price for all customers. Derive the
aggregate demand function of the market including adults and children.
(2%)
(5) Based on the aggregate demand function, derive the marginal revenue
function of the market and the equilibrium price and quantity. (2%)
(6) Caculate the total producer surplus in the situation with two market in
question (2) and the producer surplus in the situation with a single
market in question (4). Now can you answer how much benefit Disneyland
can grab via price discriminstion? (2%)
5. Taipei City Government expects to increase taxation on the donuts firm or
egg firm pancakes firm to eliminate children's dental caries.
(1) If the pancake demand curve is P = 10 - 3Q , and the egg pancakes firm
has supply curve S1 : P = 0.5Q + 3. Supposed the government raises a
unit-tax $2 on the egg pancake. Compute the deadweight loss. (2%)
(2) If the donut demand curve is P = 10 - Q , and the donut firm has supply
curve S2 : P = 3Q + 2. Supposed the government raises a unit-tax $2 on
the donut. Compute the deadweight loss. (2%)
(3) Which firm is more elastic? What is the relationship between the supply
elasticity and the deadweight loss? (3%)
(4) If you are the mayor od Taipei City and want to attain higher social
welfare level, the which firm do you tax? (2%)
Part III 簡答題 (20%，須附推論。僅有答案而未附推論，不給分。）
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1. A student Kate wrote an e-mail to her TA about her observations:
"The professor established the there are few perfectly competitive firms in
our real life, but I found at least two last week! There are two fruit
stands at 118th Alley and at 218th Alley, repectitively. Both firms sell the
same guavas at the price $40 per kilogram. Therefor we can conclude the two
firms are perfectly competitve." (6%)
2. 林老師和助教打賭過年期間減肥：首先，林老師先選擇「吃大餐」或「跑十公里」，助
教會觀察林老師的行為。接著，助教選擇「吃大餐」或「跑十公里」。若兩人都選擇「
跑十公里」，則兩人各得效用 $1000；若兩人都選澤「吃大餐」，則兩人各得效用$800
，若其中一人選擇「跑十公里」另一人選擇「吃大餐」，則「跑十公里」那人得到效用
$600（辛苦運動還要看別人吃美食，特別不快），吃大餐的那人得效用 $1400。
(1) 畫出上述賽局樹狀圖，並用逆推法求解。 (3%)
(2) 若助教承認，若他看到林老師跑十公里，也一定跟著跑十公里，並預先拿出現金
$401現金，放在兩人都信任的系主任手中，若助教違背承諾，則系主任會把這筆錢
拿出捐給助教討厭的社團。請問助教的承諾是否可信？ (2%)
(3) 若林老師公開告訴所有的學生，助教做什麼，他一定會跟進。因此，賽局架構為：
首先，林老師選擇「吃大餐」或「跑十公里」；接著，助教選擇「吃大餐」或「跑
十公里」；最後，若林老師選「跑十公里」而助教選擇「吃大餐」，則林老師立刻
跟進「吃大餐」，畫出這個賽局樹狀圖並求解。(4%)
3. 假設你是政策制定者，請分別比功利主義（utilitarism）和自由主義（Liberalism）
觀點，分析兩性同性婚姻合法的社會福利效果，就你分析而言，是否應該修法推動同性
婚姻合法化？（不論你的觀點為何，只要分析過程正確，不會因為結論影響而對分數有
影響）(5%)
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