推 hsuzchan : 已收入經濟系 07/14 06:41
課程名稱︰貿易理論
課程性質︰經濟系大三必修（三選二）
課程教師︰崔炳和 助理教授
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2018/06/27(三)
考試時限（分鐘）：13:20~15:20 共2小時
試題 :
Part 1: Multiple Choice Question(60 points; 2 points each)
1. When there are external economics of scale, an increase in the size of the
market will
(A) increase the number of firms and lower the price per unit
(B) increase the number of firms and raise the price per unit
(C) decrease the number of firms and raise the price per unit
(D) decrease the number of firms and lower the price per unit
(E) not affected the number of firms, but will lower the price per unit
2. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each
country, we should not expect to see
(A) intra-industry trade between countries
(B) inter-industry trade between countries
(C) perfect competition in these industries
(D) high levels of specialization in these countries
(E) increased productivity in both countries
3. Internal economics of scale arise when the cost per unit
(A) falls as the average firm grows larger
(B) rises as the industry grows larger
(C) falls as the industry grows larger
(D) rises as the average firm grows larger
(E) remains constant over a broad range of output
4. External economies of scale often arise because similar firms
(A) have economies of scale in production
(B) agree to corporate to expand global trade
(C) have excellent internal logistics
(D) collude to fix prices and increase profits
(E) locate in the same geographic reigon
5. If output is increased in the long-run, average production costs in the
presence of internal economies of scale will _______, and in the presence
of external economies of scale, will _____
(A) increase; remain constant
(B) increase; decrease
(C) decrease; remain constant
(D) decrease; decrease
(E) remain constant; increase
6. When a country both exports and imports a type of commodity, the country
is engaged in
(A) increasing return of scale
(B) intra-industry trade
(C) inter-industry trade
(D) imperfect competition
(E) an attempt to monopolize the relevant industry
7. Imperfectly competitive firms have a demand curve that _____, and a marginal
revenue curve that _____, and is ______ the demand curve.
(A) is horizontal; is horizontal; the same as
(B) is horizontal; slopes downward; below
(C) slopes downward; is horizontal; above
(D) slopes downward; slopes downward; the same as
(E) slopes downward; slpoes downwards; below
8. A monopoly firm engaged in international trade will
(A) equate average to local costs
(B) equate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenues
(C) equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and
foreign markets
(D) equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bear
(E) equate marginal costs with the relative world prices
9. In the model of monopolistic competition, compared to a firm with a lower
marginal cost, a firm with a higher marginal cost will set a _____ price,
produce _______ output, and earn ______ profits
(A) lower; more; more
(B) lower; less; less
(C) higher; more; more
(D) higher; less; less
(E) higher; less; more
10. If an industry is imperfectly competitive, and markets are segmented then
(A) a firm may find that international trade is unprofitable
(B) a firm may find that it is profitable to engage in dumping
(C) a firm may find that it should promote scale economies
(D) a firm may find that is has lost its competitive advantage
(E) a firm may find that it should become more specialized
11. A corportaion is considered a multinational _____ if _______.
(A) parent; it owns more than 10% of a foreign firm
(B) parent; more than 10% of its stock is held by a foreign company
(C) child; more than 10% of its stock is held by a foreign company
(D) chlid; more than 50% of its stock is held by a foreign company
(E) monopolist; it owns more than 50% of a foreign firm
12. When a multinational affiliate replicates production in a foreign country
it is called _____ foreign direct investment
(A) horizontal
(B) vertical
(C) transtional
(D) bisectional
(E) direct
Price | Supply
|
| ＼ ／
| ＼ ／
| ＼ ／
| ＼ ／
| ／
| ／ ＼
| ／ ＼
| ／ ＼
$22 |------------- ／--------------＼ ---------------- Pw + t
| ／| | ＼
| ／ | | ＼
| ／ | | ＼
| ／ | | ＼
$16 |---- ／--------|---------------|---------＼------- Pw
| ／ | | | |
| | | | | Demand
|------------------------------------------------- Quantity
10 14 22 26
13. Refer to Figure 1. The home market shown in the figure has imposed a
_____ tariff.
(A) $3
(B) $16
(C) $6
(D) $22
14. Refer to Figure 1. The government revenue due to tariff is:
(A) $84
(B) $14
(C) $48
(D) $8
15. Refer to Figure 1. After the impostion of the tariff, the producer surplus
in the Home country:
(A) decreases by $84
(B) increases by $72
(C) increases by $84
(D) increases by $64
16. Refer to Figure 1. Under free trade, the Home country will import:
(A) 26
(B) 22
(C) 16
(D) 10
(E) 8
17. Refer to Figure 1. What is the efficiency loss because of the tariff?
(A) $24
(B) $12
(C) $48
(D) $44
18. When a large country imposes tariff, the burden is often shared by:
(A) foreign consumers and domestic producers
(B) domestic consumers and foreign producers
(C) all producers and consumers in each nation equally
(D) its government
19. An import quota will _____ producer surplus, _____ consumer surplus,
_____ governemnt revenue, and _____ domestic national welfare.
(A) increase; decrease; increase; have an ambiguous effect on
(B) increase; decrease; decrease; decrease
(C) increase; decrease; have no effect on; have an ambiguous effect on
(D) increase; decrease; have no effect on; decrease
(E) increase; increase; decrease; have an ambigous effect on
20. The existence of marginal social benefits which are not marginal benefits
for the industry producing the import substitutes
(A) is an argument supporting free trade and non-governmental involvement
(B) is an argument supporting the use of an optimum tariff
(C) is an argument supporting the use of market failures as a trade-policy
strategy
(D) is an argument rejecting free trade and supporting government
involvement
(E) is an argument rejecting the domestic market failure concept
21. Given the model of competition among political parties used by political
scientists, the most likely tariff policy would be
(A) the optimal tariff
(B) a zero (free-trade) tariff
(C) the tariff rate favored by the median voter
(D) a prohibitive tariff
22. The World Trade Organization provides for all of the following EXCEPT
(A) bilateral tariff reductions
(B) mulitlateral tariff reductions
(C) the usage of the most favored nation clause (i.e., a contract provision
in which a seller agrees to give the buyer the best terms it makes
available to any other buyer)
(D) assistance in the settlement of trade disagreements
(E) the prevention of nontariff interventions in trade
23. One of the major issues that arose during the Doha round of negotiation
invloved complaints by _____ about _____.
(A) manufacturers; intellctual property
(B) industrialized countries; enforcement of contracts
(C) Eastern European countries; European Union tariffs
(D) South and Central American countries; domestic content requirements
(E) developing countries; agricultural subsides
24. The infant industry argument is that
(A) comparative advantage is irrelavent to economic growth
(B) developing countries have a comparative advantage in agricultural
goods
(C) developing countries have a comparative advantage in manufacturning
(D) developing countries have a potential comparative advantage in
manufacturing
(E) developing countries have no chance to compete with industrialized
countries
25. The infant industry argument calls for active government involvement
(A) only if the government forecasts are accurate
(B) only if some market failure can be identified
(C) only if the industry is not one already dominated by industrial
countries
(D) only if the industry has a high value added
(E) only if the industry is independently able to earn high returns
26. A customs union is different from a free-trade area, in that:
(A) the latter allows for free movement of factors, whereas the former
does not
(B) the latter allows for uniform tariffs, whereas the former does not
(C) the latter gives member countries freedom to set their external trade
policies, whereas the former adopts identical tariffs with the rest of
the world
(D) the former removes trade barriers between member countries, whereas the
latter adopts identical tariffs with the rest of the world
SCENARIO: PAYOFF MATRIX FOR AIRBUS AND BOEING
The payoff matrix supplied shows outcomes of various strategies that Airbus
and Boeing might follow in response to action on the part of the country. This
payoff matrix describes actions in delevoping so-called super-jumbo jets that
can carry 600 or more passengers. In each element, the lower left value gives
the outcome for Boeing based on the action of action of Airbus and the upper
right value gives the outcome for Airbus based on the action of Boeing. For
example, in element A, each company will lose $10 million if they both decided
to produce super-jumbo jets.
Payoff Matrix for Airbus and Boeing
Airbus Produces Airbus does not produces
A ＼ -10 million B ＼ 0 million
＼ ＼
Boeing produces ＼ ＼
-10 million ＼ ＼
＼ 200 million ＼
Boeing doesen't C ＼ 200 million D ＼ 0 million
＼ ＼
produce ＼ ＼
0 million ＼ 0 million ＼
＼ ＼
27. (Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Airbus and Boeing) Suppose that the U.S.
government decides to provide a $50 million subsidy to Boeing in order to
encourage it to produce super-jumbo jets. Boeing decides to take the
subsidy. What is Airbus's best strategy?
(A) Continue to produce super-jumbo jets because its profits will not be
affected
(B) Continue to produce super-jumbo jets even though its profits will not
be affected
(C) Discontinue producing super-jumbo jets because its losses are lower
than if it produced super-jumbo jets
(D) Discontinue producing super-jumbo jets because it would meither lose
nor earn more profits by producing super-jumbo jets
28. (Scenario: Payoff Matrix for Airbus and Boeing) Which element in the payoff
matirx describes the best choices of Airbus and Boeing when Boeing recieves
a $50 million subsidy?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
29. Criticism of the Brander-Spencer model include all EXCEPT which of the
following?
(A) the problem of insufficient information
(B) the problem of likely foreign retaliation
(C) the problem of adverse effects of trade policy politics
(D) the problem of simultaneously causing harm to other industries
(E) the problem of harm to interests of consumers
30. The value added trade
(A) does not reflect how much of the gross value a country actually
produces
(B) is the difference between the value of a product when it leaves a
country and the cost of parts and materials purchased in that country
imported from othe countries
(C) may skew the realistic picture of global trade
(D) None of the above
Part II. Short Answer Questions(Show all your works to get full credits)
1. Home's demand curve for wheat is
D = 100 - 2P
Its supply curve is
S = 20 + 20P
Foreign's demand curve is
D* = 80 - 20P
Its supply curve is
S* = 40 + 20P
a. (5 points) Suppose that Home and Foreign trade with each other, at zero
transportation cost. Find the equilivrium under free trade. What is the
world price? What is the volume of trade?
Home(a large country) imposes a specific tarriff of 0.5 on wheat imports.
b. (9 points) Determine the effects of the tariff on the folowing: (1) the
price of wheat in each country; (2) the quantity of wheat supplied and
demanded in each country; (3) the volume of trade
c. (6 points) Determine the effect of the tariff on the welfare of each of
the following groups:(1) Home import-competing producers; (2) Home
consumers; (3) the Home government
2. A small country can import a good at a world price of 10 per unit. The
domestic supply curve of the good is
S = 50 + 5P
The demand curve is
D = 400 - 10P
In addition, each unit of production yields a marginal social benefit of 10
a. (5 points) Calculate the total effect on welfare of a tariff of 5 per
unit levied on imports.
b. (5 points) Calculate the total effect of a production subsidy of 5 per
unit._
c. (10 points) What would the optimal production subsidy be?
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