[其他] 美國失業勞工在家領的比上班還多

[gothmog (上海極司非爾路76號)]

美國全國廣播公司財經頻道CNBC這篇文章 值得讓狂發現金的美國政府深思

原文如下 ，最後會附上本人不負責任翻譯

Two-thirds of laid off workers eligible for benefits that exceed their wages: NB
ER paper


PUBLISHED WED, JUL 8 2020 3:54 PM EDT
Jeff Cox


Layoffs associated with the coronavirus pandemic have hit lower-income workers m
uch more than those at the highest end of the pay scale, but their compensation
while off the job can double their typical wages.

A National Bureau of Economic Research look at employment trends over the past t
hree months showed that two-thirds of all displaced workers are eligible for ben
efits that exceed their typical wages.


In some cases, the increase can be dramatic.

Unemployed janitors can collect 158% of their pay, while the typical retail work
er can get 142% of what they had been earning, according to a study by NBER rese
archers Peter Ganong, Joseph S. Vavra and Pascal J. Noel. Each is affiliated wit
h the University of Chicago.

Overall, they discovered that 68% of the unemployed can get benefits exceeding w
hat they had been earning, with the median replacement rate being 134%. Those in
 the bottom 20% of income are eligible more than 200% of their salaries. Occupat
ions with the highest percentage of unemployment compensation compared to salary
 include food service, janitors and medical assistants.

The extra benefits are the result of the CARES Act, which sought to provide a li
fe raft for workers displaced by efforts to combat the virus. The program gives
millions of workers $600 a week above what they would normally collect in unempl
oyment insurance benefits. Workers considered essential, such as those in health
 care and at grocery stores, are getting their normal salaries as they have cont
inued to work through the crisis.


While the CARES funds have helped bring financial stability to impacted househol
ds, concerns have been raised over the idea of giving workers added incentive no
t to return to their jobs. The CARES Act funding expires at the end of July and
is unlikely to survive in its current form.


The NBER paper does not make specific recommendations but notes that policymaker
s could weigh altering the program so that unemployment compensation stays below
 100% of previous wages. Even providing an extra $300 instead of $600 still woul
d leave 42% of all workers above full pay, the researchers note.

"High replacement rates can provide crucial liquidity necessary for households t
o smooth consumption during this unprecedented period of economic dislocation,"
they said. However, they added that the above-100% "replacement rates" can "crea
te distributional issues and may hamper efficient labor reallocation both now, a
nd especially during an eventual recovery."

The authors also point out that furloughed workers in many cases lose health cov
erage and are providing public health benefits by staying home.

Working out the 'moral hazard'

The most recent Federal Reserve "Beige Book," which summarizes activity from the
 central bank's 12 districts, reported employers saying they were having a hard
time getting workers to come back because they are making more on unemployment.

U.K. Finance Minister Rishi Sunak announced Wednesday his intention to wind down
 a similar program there that he said "can't and shouldn't go on forever." The d
ecision to curtail unemployment benefits generated criticism that it was prematu
re at a time when the employment crisis is far from over.

The current U.S. system "induces trade-offs between consumption smoothing and mo
ral hazard," the NBER paper states.

The researchers conclude that providing a policy that provides compensation on a
  percentage basis rather than a fixed-dollar amount could be more efficient.

"Such a policy does not provide the same disproportionate benefit to the poorest
 unemployed, but it can achieve substantial income replacement and resulting liq
uidity without pushing replacement rates above 100% for many workers," they wrot
e.

The jobs market has been staging a comeback over the past two months, with 7.5 m
illion jobs added and the unemployment rate coming down from 14.7% to 11.1%. How
ever, permanent layoffs have been rising, and Fed officials say more fiscal help
 likely will be necessary to help the economy continue to recover.

A separate NBER study showed that employment fell for 30% of those in the bottom
-fifth of workers while the number was just 5% for the top quintile.

The numbers emphasize the challenge for policymakers even as the labor market ma
kes strides from the biggest layoff cycle in U.S. history.

"We've seen a nice recovery, we've seen a bounce," said Michelle Meyer, U.S. eco
nomist at Bank of America Global Research. "But it's going to get more challengi
ng."


https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/08/two-thirds-of-laid-off-workers-eligible-for-bene
fits-that-exceed-their-wages-nber-paper.html


心得：

美國國家經濟研究局（National Bureau of Economic Research）調查

美國政府對失業的人給予福利補助 已經到了誇張的程度


失業的社區警衛可以拿到他們原來薪水的158%補助

一般的零售工人可以拿到原來薪水的142%。


有68%的失業者可以得到超過他們之前收入的福利補助，補助為工資的134% 。


而那些收入最低的20%的人士，甚至有資格獲得超過工資200%的補助。


FED最新報告發現 ，老闆現在沒辦法叫員工回來上班，因為員工在家什麼都不做 領的比上
班還多


--
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※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Stock/M.1594363997.A.22D.html
推 leo1217000  : 不是原來薪水太低嗎XD
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推 yinvi       : 無限QE
推 H2          : 多領的支票拿來買電視正好
推 ethan0419   : 川普的目的是炒股 後果不干他的事
→ H2          : 友達群創笑呵呵
推 cuteSquirrel: 難怪之前數據不好常常噴發
推 livil       : 可支配所得帶動股市繁榮
→ cchhhhhoh   : 另類的平等?XD
推 Merkle      : 不上班領得比上班多 我當然不上班
推 ting74942   : 川普對人民大撒幣，民調還是QQ呵呵
推 c6587924    : 很好啊
→ peter8543   : 川普大灑幣 全球買單 美國爽爽過
推 good5755    : 代表該加薪了？
推 Arietta     : 搞不好這是無條件收入的開始？
→ abyssa1     : 在家炒股振興經濟哪是什麼都不做
→ ksxo        : 早就覺得先進國家應該能發展到不需工作基本收入
→ zakijudelo  : 那老闆調薪不會嗎？
推 yyc1217     : 剛好試驗無條件基本收入
推 c33uviiip0cp: 給你們看看UBI的厲害！
推 jkokpcu     : 被動收入就是厲害
推 aixiiae2005 : 無限QE手套沒人敢質疑，下次崩盤就是第3次世界大戰
推 podon       : 出來跑總是要還的，嘻嘻
推 hit0123     : 新經濟時代要來了嗎...
推 ethan0419   : 美國不適合無條件收入啦 一堆人太閒就會出事
→ rbelldandy  : 台灣反觀發的比以前還少,還拿1千換2千=.=
推 pray        : 難怪散戶有錢炒股XDDD
→ sagarain    : 台灣花一千買三千 難怪
推 ya01234     : 反觀
推 horse2819   : 靠北 那誰要上班
推 dynamo      : 發錢剛好全民炒股
→ BBBroflovski: 失業真爽 難怪失業率一直高
推 lltools     : 無限QE無限噴 印鈔機繼續印 有全世界背書怕什麼
→ lltools     : 反正大家還是愛用美元  那就繼續印
推 aquahau     : 這才是共產黨啊，中國多學習
推 asier0117   : 所以失業率越高股市越噴 錢發越多 爽
→ CTTSAI      : 你們喜歡錢，銀行繼續印   反正為利而爭是你的事
推 littlejackbr: 大家都可以買iphone了，台g繼續噴
→ kevinmeng2  : 這個尤其是針對中低收入的人，中高薪資就沒什麼差
→ kevinmeng2  : 了…有些低收入的一個月可能才一千塊…自然比例看
→ kevinmeng2  : 起來很高
推 zxm00038    : fed去死一死
→ zxm00038    : 如果不是第一強國，誰敢這樣
推 chein17     : 看來要破10萬了
→ hijacker    : 有亞洲奴工幇老美工作還借錢給老美消費 爽
→ YLTYY       : 羨慕-.-
推 ktv810504   : 美國真的很靠杯...維尼能不能給點教訓
推 overflyle99 : 當美國人真爽 反觀窮死過勞亞洲人
推 mecca       : 這就對啦   在家印鈔花錢是米國的大國責任
推 aegis43210  : 世界上目前唯一能借錢不還的大國-美國
推 peter96301  : XD 繼續玩啊
→ dslite      : 股票炒起來就對了
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→ buddhawu    : 不然你央行敢讓台幣兌美元大升值嗎？口憐
推 Chaos12345  : 美國人：爽爆，有黑尼哥和黃猴子幫我打工
推 annie06045  : 哪像台灣 只發2000搞一堆花招 再洗紓困做得多好
推 horb        : 合法買票兼拯救經濟。沒人敢反對
噓 GetMoney    : 這時怎就聽不到政府常說的那句:參考各先進國家作法
推 annie06045  : 美國發到不用上班 日本發3萬 台灣發2000搞一堆門檻
推 zarados     : 這就是無限QE手套的厲害！！
推 Chan91143   : 川普在搞鬼啊...
推 speady      : 老闆也在領補助啊
推 kkjjkkjj    : 發2000可以幹嘛？完全不懂
推 rahim       : 發錢不是國會同意的嗎？為何大家都說是川普發錢？
→ rahim       : 更何況發錢應該比較像民主黨的主張吧？
→ tn601374    : 全世界一起開動物園
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→ weiike      : 不是川普是誰？
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推 GimO        : 不用上班啊 反正東亞猴子努力上班幫美國賺美金
→ dreamnook   : 這個問題講很久惹
推 sidneys     : 這都不重要 重點是補助哪時候停
推 ouabain     : 失業率居高不下 社會很平靜的好現像
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→ gothmog     : 按照官方規定，每週600美元的額外失業福利將於7月3
→ gothmog     : 1日到期
推 Fredck      : 最爽的是被layoff, 公司給半年薪資再加上失業金，
→ Fredck      : 我隔壁的每個月領一萬鎂