[新聞] G7: World leaders promise one billion

[nangle (機翻如下)]

原文標題：

G7: World leaders promise one billion Covid vaccine doses for poorer nations
G7：世界各國領導人承諾為較貧困國家提供10億劑武漢肺炎疫苗

原文連結：

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57461640

發布時間：

POSTED ON JUNE 13, 2021

原文內容：

Leaders of the major industrial nations have pledged one billion Covid
vaccine doses to poor countries as a "big step towards vaccinating the
world", Boris Johnson has said.

At the end of the G7 summit in Cornwall, the PM said countries were rejecting
"nationalistic approaches".

He said vaccinating the world would show the benefits of the G7's democratic
values.

There was also a pledge to wipe out their contribution to climate change.

After the first meeting of world leaders in two years, Mr Johnson said "the
world was looking to us to reject some of the selfish, nationalistic
approaches that marred the initial global response to the pandemic and to
channel all our diplomatic, economic and scientific might to defeating Covid
for good".

He said the G7 leaders had pledged to supply the vaccines to poor countries
either directly or through the World Health Organization's Covax scheme -
including 100 million from the UK.

The communique issued by the summit pledges to "end the pandemic and prepare
for the future by driving an intensified international effort, starting
immediately, to vaccinate the world by getting as many safe vaccines to as
many people as possible as fast as possible".


It also includes steps to tackle climate change, with leaders re-committing
to the target of reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 at the
latest and pledging to eliminate most coal power.

Mr Johnson rejected suggestions the vaccines pledge was a moral failure by
the G7 as it was not enough to cover the needs of poorer countries.

He referred to the the UK's involvement in the development of the
Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.

"Already of the 1.5 billion vaccines that have been distributed around the
world, I think that people in this country should be very proud that half a
billion of them are as a result of the actions taken by the UK government in
doing that deal with the Oxford scientists and AstraZeneca to distribute it
at cost," he said.

He added that "we are going flat out and we are producing vaccines as fast as
we can, and distributing them as fast as we can".

The target to vaccinate the world by the end of next year would be met "very
largely thanks to the efforts of the countries who have come here today", Mr
Johnson said.


The leaders slightly exceeded their target of donating a billion Covid
vaccines to poorer countries win the next year, if funding for future doses
is included alongside individual jabs.

There was also a commitment to build the frameworks to prevent and fight
future pandemics. Elsewhere in the 25-page communique, there were several
references to China, which President Biden said was a change from previous
meetings of the world's advanced economies.

Pledges made this time included working together to respond to China's impact
on world trade.

On the recovery from Covid there was even a reference to Prime Minister Boris
Johnson's trademark domestic policy - the need to reduce inequalities by
"levelling up".

Charities and campaigners issued statements calling out vague promises and
missed opportunities, but Mr Johnson will feel that post-Brexit Britain has
staged a diplomatic show that was both competent and confident.

Mr Johnson also dismissed the suggestion that patents for vaccines should be
waived in order to boost global supply, something which the US backed last
month.

He said he wanted to protect "incentives for innovation" while building up
manufacturing capacity, especially in Africa.

Elsewhere in their communique, G7 leaders also pledged to:

-improve early warning systems to prepare for future health crises

-phase out coal-fired power stations without carbon capture technology and
raise $100bn (￡70bn) to help poorer countries cut emissions

-support a green revolution that creates jobs, cuts emissions and seeks to
limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees

-reinvigorate their economies "with plans that create jobs, invest in
infrastructure, drive innovation, support people, and level up so that no
place or person, irrespective of age, ethnicity or gender is left behind"

-"build back better" by establishing a clean, green growth fund for
infrastructure developments in developing countries

-respond to China's impact on world trade and challenge practices which
"undermine the fair and transparent operation of the global economy"

-call on China to respect human rights, especially in relation to Xinjiang,
where it has been accused of abuses against Uyghur Muslims

-get 40 million more girls into education by 2026



The communique calls for a "timely, transparent, expert-led, and
science-based WHO-convened" investigation into the origins of Covid-19.

US President Joe Biden has previously said the US intelligence community is
split on whether coronavirus came from human contact with an infected animal
or from a lab accident - a theory rejected by China.

Mr Johnson said "the advice that we've had is it doesn't look as though this
particular disease of zoonotic origin came from a lab", but he added:
"Clearly anybody sensible would want to keep an open mind about that".

French President Emmanuel Macron said the international community needed
clarity about the origins of the virus but said it was up to the WHO to
investigate.

'Missed opportunity'
With G7 countries accounting for 20% of carbon emissions, Mr Johnson said:
"We were clear this weekend that action needs to start with us."

But pressed on the lack of binding agreements and timetables, the prime
minister says he will not "pretend our work is done" and he will be "on
everybody's case" to make further progress ahead of the COP26 summit in
Scotland later this year.

Kirsty McNeill from Crack the Crises, a coalition of charities and NGOs
including Save the Children and Oxfam, said the G7 summit was a "historic
missed opportunity" on Covid-19 and climate change.

Leaders arrived "with good intentions but without their cheque books", she
said.

Joanna Rea, from Unicef UK, said the G7 pledge on vaccines was "the beginning
of the action required to end this pandemic" but called for a "rapid
acceleration of dose sharing in the next three months to ensure millions of
vaccines get to the people in countries who need them the most".

機翻如下：

伯里斯-強生說，主要工業國家的領導人已承諾向貧困國家提供10億劑武漢肺炎疫苗，作
為 "向世界接種疫苗邁出的一大步"。

在康沃爾的G7峰會結束時，首相說各國正在拒絕 "民族主義的做法"。

他說，為世界接種疫苗將顯示G7民主價值觀的好處。

還有一項承諾是消除他們對氣候變化的貢獻。

在兩年來的第一次世界領導人會議之後，英國首相強生說："世界期待著我們摒棄一些自
私的、民族主義的做法，這些做法破壞了全球對該流行病的最初反應，並將我們所有的外
交、經濟和科學力量用於永久擊敗武漢肺炎。

他說，G7領導人已承諾直接或通過世界衛生組織的Covax計畫向貧困國家提供疫苗--包括
英國提供的1億支疫苗。

峰會發表的公報承諾，"通過推動國際社會加強努力，立即開始為世界接種疫苗，儘快為
盡可能多的人提供盡可能多的安全疫苗，從而結束這一流行病並為未來做準備"。

它還包括應對氣候變化的措施，各國領導人再次承諾最遲在2050年實現溫室氣體淨排放的
目標，並承諾消除大部分煤電。

英國首相強生拒絕了關於疫苗承諾是G7的道德失敗的說法，因為這不足以滿足較貧窮國家
的需求。

他提到了英國對牛津-阿斯利康疫苗開發的參與。

他說："在全世界已經分發的15億支疫苗中，我認為這個國家的人們應該感到非常自豪，
其中5億支疫苗是由於英國政府與牛津大學的科學家和阿斯利康公司進行交易，以成本價
分發的結果，"。

他補充說，"我們正全力以赴，我們正以最快的速度生產疫苗，並以最快的速度分發它們
。

英國首相強生說，到明年年底為全世界接種疫苗的目標將得以實現，"這在很大程度上要
感謝今天來到這裡的各國的努力"。

領導人略微超過了在明年向貧困國家捐贈10億支武漢肺炎疫苗的目標，如果把未來的劑量
與單個疫苗一起包括在內的話。

此外，還承諾建立框架，以預防和抗擊未來的大流行病。在長達25頁的公報的其他部分，
有幾處提到了中國，拜登總統說，這與以前的世界先進經濟體會議相比是一個變化。

這一次作出的承諾包括共同應對中國對世界貿易的影響。

在從武漢肺炎復蘇的過程中，甚至還提到了首相強生的標誌性國內政策--需要通過 "拉平
 "來減少不平等現象。

慈善機構和運動人士發表聲明，指出模糊的承諾和錯失的機會，但英國首相強生會覺得，
脫歐後的英國上演了一場既稱職又自信的外交秀。

英國首相強生還駁斥了關於應放棄疫苗專利以促進全球供應的建議，美國上個月支持這一
建議。

他說，他希望保護 "創新激勵機制"，同時建立製造能力，特別是在非洲。

在其公報的其他部分，G7領導人還承諾

-改善早期預警系統，為未來的健康危機做好準備

-逐步淘汰沒有碳捕獲技術的燃煤發電站，並籌集1000億美元（700億英鎊）以幫助較貧窮
的國家減少排放

-支持綠色革命，創造就業機會，減少排放，並尋求將全球氣溫上升限制在1.5度以內

-重振其經濟，"制定計劃，創造就業機會，投資基礎設施，推動創新，支持人民，提高水
準，使任何地方或個人，無論年齡、種族或性別，都不會被落下"。

-通過為發展中國家的基礎設施建設建立一個清潔、綠色的增長基金來 "重建得更好"

-應對中國對世界貿易的影響，挑戰那些 "破壞全球經濟公平和透明運作 "的做法

-呼籲中國尊重人權，特別是在新疆問題上，因為中國被指控對維吾爾族穆斯林實施虐待

-到2026年，讓更多的4000萬女孩接受教育


公報呼籲對Covid-19的起源進行 "及時、透明、由專家主導、以科學為基礎的世衛組織召
集的 "調查。

美國總統喬-拜登此前曾表示，美國情報界對冠狀病毒是來自人類與受感染動物的接觸還
是來自實驗室事故存在分歧--這一理論被中國拒絕。

英國首相強生說，"我們得到的建議是，這種人畜共患的特殊疾病看起來並不是來自實驗
室"，但他補充說："顯然，任何明智的人都希望對此保持開放的態度"。

法國總統埃馬克龍說，國際社會需要澄清該病毒的來源，但表示應由世衛組織來調查。

錯過的機會

英國首相強生說，由於G7國家的碳排放量占到了20%，因此。"這個週末我們很清楚，行動
需要從我們開始"。

但是，在被問及缺乏有約束力的協議和時間表時，首相說他不會 "假裝我們的工作已經完
成"，他將 "關注每個人的情況"，以便在今年晚些時候在蘇格蘭舉行的COP26峰會之前取
得進一步進展。

由救助兒童會和樂施會等慈善機構和非政府組織組成的聯盟--"危機"（Crack the Crises
）的克爾斯蒂-麥克尼爾（Kirsty McNeill）說，G7峰會是一個在Covid-19和氣候變化方
面 "錯過的歷史性機會"。

她說，各國領導人 "帶著良好的願望來到這裡，卻沒有帶著支票簿"。

聯合王國兒童基金會的瓊安娜-雷亞說，G7對疫苗的承諾是 "結束這一流行病所需行動的
開始"，但她呼籲 "在未來三個月內迅速加快劑量共用，以確保數以百萬計的疫苗到達最
需要它們的國家的人民手中"。




心得/評論：

一般焦點或許會著重在沒有達成放棄專利的共識或者對於中國的態度轉變上

不過相對於川普，拜登的記者會更不重要

老練政客的風格在他上任以後處處展露無遺

他做了什麼，更甚於他說了什麼

有老拜登參與的國際會議也會顯現出這種風格

初步推測還是

1.疫苗專利暫時不會開放。

但是這一部分仍會有變化。你無法確定老拜登是否是真的不開放，還是只是暫時
"把不開放的責任推給強生" 的作法。

2.對中國疫病責任和國際貿易責任的共同表態。

這一部分比較沒有異議，具體在會議中達成哪些共識做法就要看各自回國以後的後續表現
。

3.碳排、綠色經濟、經濟重建

這算是老生常談了，可以看做美國重新對傳統盟友交心表態的一種展現。也許下禮拜會有
比較多的部分展現這些，畢竟是重新修復和歐洲的傳統外交關係。

ps:綠能 to the moon

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推 fegat       : 台灣只買沒做三期 一劑兩倍價的
推 kltnlious   : 較貧困國家@@
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推 reil        : 窮國台灣
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