大家好，我是Jacob （常春藤盟校賓州大學英語教學碩士），SK2TOEFL團隊實力養成班顧
問，也專精在TOEFL機經(JJ)彙總整理，所以也可以叫我J2.
在托福閱讀限時答題情況下，很多時候skim 跟 scan是可以快速答題的方式。一個段落看
到題目問的關鍵字，回到文章，多半確實可以較快速回答問題。不過有的時候，要考驗的
是同學理解是否透徹，可能光抓句子SVO或是skim, scan是不夠的！
譬如以下 TPO51-2 Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
這篇第一段第一題。第一段短短的只有90個字，同學們可以試做看看，在看下面解析。
Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Because of industrialization, but also because of a vast increase in
agricultural output without which industrialization would have been
impossible, Western Europeans by the latter half of the nineteenth century
enjoyed higher standards of living and longer, healthier lives than most of
the world’s peoples. In Europe as a whole, the population rose from 188
million in 1800 to 400 million in 1900. By 1900, virtually every area of
Europe had contributed to the tremendous surge of population, but each major
region was at a different stage of demographic change.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about Europe in the
nineteenth century?
A. A large increase in food production led to industrialization.
B. Population changes occurred at the same pace in the major regions.
C. The standard of living rose to the level of that in most parts of the
world.
D. The tremendous rise in population led to greater agricultural output in
every region.
.
.
.
.
.
正確答案是A, 同學如果做對的話，應該會知道正確答案出自第一句話：Because of
industrialization, but also because of a vast increase in agricultural output
without which industrialization would have been impossible…
這句話很多同學可能只看到這樣的訊息：
Because of industrialization, but also because of a vast increase in
agricultural output (...跳過不看), Western Europeans by the latter half of
the nineteenth century enjoyed higher standards of living and longer,
healthier lives than most of the world’s peoples.
甚至有些同學前面的Because of 整串非SVO的整個也不看了，只看了後面的Western
Europeans enjoyed higher standards of living and longer, healthier lives than
most of the world’s peoples.
J2認為，除非你閱讀速度真的很慢很慢，要看完全部實在不可能，才會是這樣選擇性地看
句子的。或者是SVO概念不熟的，一開始練習時，也才會這樣看句子。等SVO概念已經很熟
悉之後，看句子絕對不會只有看SVO, 因為作者有寫，就一定有什麼重點，不然...幹嘛寫
？？
幫同學整理一下，一個句子「只看SVO」的前提有以下兩個：
1) 你還在熟悉英文SVO概念
2) 時間壓力下你看不完
再補充一個情況：一個句子看了好幾遍還是不懂，那就真的可以先找SVO, 再把補充的修
飾語加上看。
但除此之外，真的要能回答題目，當然都得看懂並真的理解，不然，就很容易「漏掉答題
關鍵。」
回到這題，第一句講到的 but also because of a vast increase in agricultural
output without which industrialization would have been impossible, 這種
without which的句型應該有同學還不太熟，這裡剛好講到，順便解析一下。
原句其實應該是because of a vast increase in agricultural output which
industrialization would have been impossible without.
這個without應該是放在impossible的後面的，但根據英文正式文法「句子不能以介系詞
結尾」的這個規則，without被放到which的前方，變成without which…, 那which指代的
就是前面的a vast increase in agricultural output
如果還是不懂，可以把這句話拆成兩句解讀：
because of a vast increase in agricultural output
industrialization would have been impossible without a vast increase in
agricultural output
2) 翻成中文就是「要不是有農業生產大量的增加，工業化也不可能發生。」
確實可以換句話說就是A選項： A large increase in food production led to
industrialization.
食物生產大量增加導致工業化。
總結今天文章重點：
1. 大部分托福題目確實可以skim, scan 快速定位並答對題目，但也有很多題目必須要徹底
理解句子。
2. 除非你讀得很慢、或是突然有一個句子讀不懂，不然一個句子不要只有看SVO了。
3. without which這種which前方有介系詞的句型相當常見，請多加練習。
建議練習如下：
I saw a movie. In this movie the villain goes to jail.
I saw a movie in which the villain goes to jail.
.
There were ten apples. Four of the apples were rotten.
There were ten apples four of which were rotten.
.
She showed him the hospital. She was born at that hospital.
She showed him the hospital at which she was born.
.
This is the report. I was referring to this report.
This is the report to which I was referring.
.
Till next time,
J2
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