推 jimmy5680: pallash和saber不一定會同時攜帶啦XD 08/02 12:36
英文wiki沒有相關連結,所以google翻譯看了一下俄語wiki,
裡面說法是認為pallash是主要的備用武器,saber反而是裝飾顯擺為主。
https://www.wingedhussarpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Polish-Hussars-Snippet.pdf
http://www.moscowtrainings.ru/sablya.htm
不過另外看了一些網站,裡面提出的概念是說pallash是代替koncerz在用的。
※ 編輯: fw190a (49.159.152.54), 08/02/2015 14:11:18
※ 引述《jimmy5680 (折翼的企鵝)》之銘言:
: 文藝復興時代波蘭騎兵用的刀劍有三大類,
: Koncerz ,直劍、無側刃,有1.3~1.6公尺長(含20cm柄),
: 西歐也有estoc(法語)、tuck(英文)等同類但較短(0.9~1.3m);
: saber,軍刀,有很多種,就不一一列出了;
: pallash,一種寬刃劍(broadsword,不是真的很寬而是與細劍相對的類別),一公尺長,
: 但有類似軍刀的握柄,而且部分採用單刃而與軍刀無異。
http://www.myarmoury.com/feature_euroedge.php
Pallasch
A term derived from the Turkish Pala (meaning "straight") and used in Germany
and other eastern European countries to denote a backsword with a straight,
heavy blade, usually single-edged, and a closed (ie, with a knuckle guard)
or, more rarely, an open hilt. It was designed mainly for cutting, although
thrusts with the pont were also possible; occasionally the blade was
double-edged and was grooved and ridged on both faces. As a weapon of the
heavy cavalry, it was used at least from the beginning of the 17th century,
and its typological derivations are still used today.
語源是土耳其的"直",在德國與東歐國家被用來稱呼backsword,主要用途是砍。
Backsword
A general term for heavy military swords that have a straight single-edged
blade and a well-developed closed guard—usually a basket hilt or a shell
guard. The blade, sometimes grooved and ridged on both faces, had a more or
less thick back to give to give the blade the necessary rigidity. A short
section of the back near the point often had a sharpened edge to carry out
cutting strikes without changing the position of the sword. The point itself
was sometimes rather ogivally contoured since the backsword was essentially a
cutting weapon; however, some military models had blades gradually narrowing
into a sharp point designed for thrusts. The backsword was widely used in
European heavy cavalry from the 17th century, and a most popular variety was
the pallasch. (top)
Backsword作為一種單刃+封閉護手的"直劍",pallasch是其中流行的一種。
(雖然單刃按照中國習慣就是刀了,所以backsword算"直刀",
但是架不住歐洲沒分這些,另外說一下:
The Polish word szabla "sword, saber" is possibly derived from Hungarian
szablya "saber", literally "tool to cut with", from szabni "to cut"
所謂Saber的語源可能是來自"砍刀"。而實用上西方人區方sword與saber似乎
單純用直與彎來區分,所以翻作砍刀彎刀都蠻合理,最後中文變成"軍刀"頗莫名,
不過擊劍中用的saber似乎又是另一個故事了。)
Broadsword
A general term applied from the 17th century to heavy military swords with a
large double-edged blade, designed mainly for cutting, and either a basket
hilt or a well-developed shell guard. Particularly favored by European heavy
cavalry up to the early 19th century, the broadswords can be divided into
many groups and types classified mainly by various hilt forms. Late
schiavonas, Scottish basket-hilted broadswords, Walloon swords, and some
types of eastern European pallasches and western European cavalry swords are
among the broadswords. (top)
Broadsword作為雙刃+籃形或貝殼形護手的(直)劍,某些類別的歐洲pallasches
與西歐騎兵劍屬於broadswords。
~~
: 這三類之中,Koncerz顯然是用來當作長矛的替代品,saber和pallash則屬肉搏用,
: 而從pallash使用軍刀柄來看,用法當與軍刀沒有多少差別,
: 這與roy大和NKN大的說法是相符的。
: 如果還要延伸到騎兵應該持長矛還是持刀比較好,這又牽扯到戰爭型態的問題,
: 基本上長矛與直刃劍利於急戰衝殺,彎刀則較利於埋身肉搏,互有利弊,
: 但是隨著戰場上火力的增強、鎧甲的衰微,長矛與直刃劍開始衰退,彎刀成為主流,
: 輕量化的長矛尚有一席之地,直劍則基本上被彎刀淘汰。
backsword起源很早,因為廉價特性是一般兵愛用的副武。最早在16世紀晚期作為
騎兵的常用副武,早期以砍為主,後來強化尖端以雙用。
broadsword則是16世紀最早出現,到18世紀作為拿破崙時代重騎兵武器,
雙用,以砍為主。
說起來pallash和saber都是以砍為主,的確不知道波蘭翼騎兵分帶兩把的意義
在哪或有啥秘辛,我個人是猜或許某種使用上的技法或目標不同,
還是說saber作為砍劈時用的武器,backsword作為Saber的副武,
搞不好是backsword作為砍了不心痛的廉價亂砍武器,saber用來放大絕...(誤)
(考慮到cross sectiion說不定是這樣沒錯..另外要更細區分的話一把是cut,
一把是slice的武器。)
在歐洲,直劍並不總是作為突刺特化向的武器,甚至不是騎兵主武器,
而彎刀作為騎兵主武的傳統在西亞或所謂"東方"原本就有,
儘管如此,彎(軍)刀一開始也只是替代/影響歐洲騎兵的副武,
直劍在長矛的衰落後跳出來與彎(軍)刀一起爭主武的位置,感覺是比較適合的描述。
至少在拿破崙戰爭時期感覺都還是兩雄爭鋒的狀態,
到更後面我還不太清楚,似乎比較常看到直的軍官劍,彎的騎兵刀這種分配,
不過必須說,所謂軍(彎)刀的曲度,有許多流行的model也與正宗彎刀差很遠,
如果說軍刀的優點與特色就是彎的話,
這種偏離特色的行為實在無法說明他取代直劍的合理性,
反倒比較像是兩者融合折衷的產物。
: 回到蒙古的議題,蒙古以騎射為本,刀劍斧錘都是用於撂倒殘餘敵軍,
: 草原地帶的彎刀自然是其首選,但是要說有何特別優勢倒是誇飾了。
彎刀本身的確不算啥新發明,但關鍵或許是騎射為本,
因為彎刀作為主武要發揮最大效果就要先讓對方混亂。
彎刀+騎射的關係反而像是後來的火槍+騎兵那樣相輔相成,
優勢的並非技術而是一種使用的心態,
以火力戰為主體,注重投入的時機,與前置的騷擾,
在蒙古的案例中,對手通常沒有有效的火力反擊以及冷靜的戰術思維,
讓蒙古更無敵,不過彎刀本身在這個系統並非不可或缺就是。
彎刀我認為遇到鎖子甲以上的防禦就不太吃香了,
彎刀能大量出現跟"習俗"以及他們平常對手就是其他部落有關。
不過即使到歐洲,除了主力精銳(騎馬老爺與專業跟班)以外,
鎖子甲也很難當作普遍裝備,所以應該不是沒有可欺負的對象。
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※ 編輯: fw190a (49.159.152.54), 08/02/2015 12:27:11