[翻譯] 國際知名期刊NEJM社論:支持同性婚姻

[lacanis (拉卡尼斯)]

國際知名的醫學期刊
新英格蘭醫學雜誌 (NEJM, The New England Journal of Medicine)
在最近發表了一篇社論
標題就是「支持同性婚姻」

小弟心中一股衝動試著翻譯了 底下有原文
怕翻得不好 還請板友們給一些批評建議


http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1505179
社論 (Editorial)
贊成同性婚姻
Edward W. Campion, M.D., Stephen Morrissey, Ph.D., and
Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D.
April 22, 2015DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1505179

十一年前，麻州是美國第一個法律上完全認可同性婚姻的州。今日，
超過35個州以及DC特區，同性婚姻是合法的，基於立法、法院判決、
或民眾投票的結果。同時，同性婚姻也被聯邦政府認可。許多民調皆
顯示，大多數的美國人支持同性婚姻。然而，在第六巡迴上訴法院
 (Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals) 所管轄的Ohio、Kentucky、
 Michigan、以及Tennessee這幾個州，法院將法律和憲法改正案裁定
為「婚姻只能是一男一女的結合」，否認了同性婚姻的法律地位。由
於地區法院之間有不同的法律解釋，最高法院開始著手處理此事。最
高法院將在四月28日舉行辯論，人們也預期最高法院在六月本會期結
束前宣布裁定結果。基於全美廣泛地支持同性婚姻，我們相信最高法
院將解決此衝突。

「接受個案真實的樣子，尊重他、不帶著偏見或個人意圖」，這是適
用於所有醫療照護的基本信條之一。從不尊重、嘲笑揶揄、排斥、到
集體屠殺，這些虐待同性戀、誤解同性戀傾向的事，在世界的絕大多
數地區，包含美國在內，都有著漫長的悲傷歷史。然而，同性戀傾向
只是人類性傾向的一種正常表現。醫學界和精神醫學界曾經將同性戀
傾向視為異常行為，並且生產了許多沒有基礎的蠢理論來解釋它。[1]
雖然有越來越多的證據能支持同性戀傾向不是疾病，直到1987年，它都
還列在精神疾病診斷與統計手冊 (DSM) 之中。至今仍然有許多「醫
療照護提供者」認定它是一種疾病，提供「治療同性戀」的偏方。這
幾十年來，我們多少會認識一些人，一些認為自己別無選擇的同性戀
，他們表演出不真誠的行為、經營虛假的婚姻，藉以隱藏自己的性傾
向。[2]有太多醫生知道他們的個案為了這個不友善社會付出了多少代價
。污名和羞辱感帶來了壓力、焦慮、脫序行為、抑鬱、甚至自殺。對
於我們所有人而言，性傾向是「我們是誰」的基礎之一。一個不能接
受、不能尊重同性戀的社會，使得同性戀者遭受長久的人格羞辱，也
阻礙了他們過著正常的生活。

在美國、以及世界的許多地方，這件事正在改變。越來越多人能不計
較人的性傾向而接受、尊重他人。然而，我們也看到許多阻礙。就在
前幾週，Indiana州長還簽署了一份立法案而讓某些人可以「基於宗
教信仰而歧視同性戀」。幸運的是，此舉激起公憤，使州長撤回這法
條，並宣稱這是一場誤會。他們現在修訂了法條、提供了對人們性傾
向的保護。

我們應該接受同性婚姻，一方面是基於正義，一方面也是基於它能促
進健康。[3]婚姻制度是一個穩定、長期的關係，而這樣的關係能促進健
康、避免某些疾病的風險、也能建立健康的家庭。所有醫護專業者都
知道，為慢性或嚴重疾病患者提供照護，幾乎總是由家庭提供支持。
醫生也知道，當面臨生死攸關的決定時，配偶和「伴侶」 (partner)
在法律上沒有同等的地位。現在許多伴侶有養育小孩，若要讓小孩健
康成長，就需要他的雙親擁有婚姻的完整權利和保護。在我們的（美
國）社會裡，要為家庭成員（配偶和小孩）取得合適的醫療保險，
（法律承認的）婚姻關係通常是必要的。婚姻能帶來一千餘種聯邦提
供的優惠補助，包含親屬醫療照護假 (family medical leave)、
政府的醫療補助計劃 (Medicaid)、退伍軍人醫療服務
 (Veterans Affairs medical services) 等。然而，在不承認同性
婚姻的州，這些優惠補助卻不適用。現況就是：同性婚姻的家庭（有
些家庭有小孩）在這些州被承認、在那些州卻不被承認。這是完全不
合理的，而且這也造成了許多有害的結果。

最高法院應該要求全國全面承認同性婚姻。如果法院不這麼作，無論
法律上的邏輯是什麼，會很明顯的導致不正義。這樣的不正義也會傷
害數以百萬美國人的健康與福利。



1. Bayer R. Homosexuality and American psychiatry: the
politics of diagnosis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1987.

2. Monette P. Becoming a man: half a life story. New York:
HarperCollins, 1992.

3. Gonzales G. Same-sex marriage -- a prescription for
better health. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1373-1376


====以下為原文======

EDITORIAL
In Support of Same-Sex Marriage
Edward W. Campion, M.D., Stephen Morrissey, Ph.D., and
Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D.
April 22, 2015DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1505179

Eleven years ago, Massachusetts became the first state in
the country to give same-sex marriages full legal
recognition. Today, same-sex marriage is legal, through
legislative or judicial action or by popular vote, in more
than 35 states and the District of Columbia. It is
recognized by the federal government. And polls
consistently show that it is supported by a clear majority
of Americans. However, in Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan, and
Tennessee, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled in
favor of laws and constitutional amendments that define
marriage as a union between a man and a woman only, denying
recognition of same-sex marriage. Given the conflicting
lower-court rulings, the Supreme Court has taken the issue
under consideration. The Court will hear oral arguments on
April 28 and is expected to hand down its ruling by the end
of the current session, in June. We believe that the Court
should resolve this conflict in favor of the full
recognition of same-sex marriage throughout the United
States.
A fundamental tenet of all medical care is the acceptance
of patients as they are, for who they are, with respect and
without prejudice or personal agendas. In most of the
world, including the United States, there has been a long,
sad history of mistreatment of homosexuals and
misunderstanding of homosexuality, a normal expression of
human sexuality. This mistreatment has ranged from
disrespect to ridicule, from ostracizing to genocide.
Medicine and psychiatry once saw homosexuality as deviant
behavior and produced many baseless, foolish theories to
explain it.1 Until 1987, it was included (albeit
increasingly less prominently) in the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, despite mounting
evidence to the contrary. And there are still health care
providers who offer ways to “treat” homosexuality as if
it were an illness. Many of us in decades past have known
people who felt they had no choice but to hide their
homosexuality with false behaviors and sham marriages.2 Too
often physicians have seen the price that their patients
have paid for society's lack of acceptance of
homosexuality. Stigma and shame lead to stress, anxiety,
dysfunctional behavior, depression, even suicide. For all
of us, sexual identity is an essential part of who we are.
Those who are homosexual in a society that cannot give
acceptance and respect suffer a constant insult to identity
and a constant barrier to a normal life.
In this country and in many parts of the world, things have
been changing. We are seeing greater respect and acceptance
of people regardless of their sexuality. However, we have
also seen efforts to avoid acceptance. Just a few weeks
ago, the governor of Indiana proudly signed legislation
making it possible for people to discriminate against
homosexuals if the discrimination was said to be supported
by religious beliefs. Fortunately, public outrage persuaded
the governor and the legislature to backpedal, claiming it
was all a misunderstanding. They have now amended the law
to provide explicit protection for sexual orientation.
Same-sex marriage should be accepted both as a matter of
justice and as a measure that promotes health.3 Marriage as
an institution is about stable, long-term relationships,
which we know encourage health, reduce the risk of some
diseases, and promote healthy families. All health
professionals know that in those with chronic and severe
illness, care almost always relies in part on family. And
when things get really difficult, as when life and death
decisions need to be made, physicians know that talking
with a patient's partner is not legally the same as working
with a patient's spouse. Many same-sex couples are now
raising children, and the health of those children demands
that their parents have the full rights and protection of
marriage. In our society, marriage is often essential to
obtaining and keeping adequate health insurance coverage
for both members of a couple and for their children. More
than 1000 federal benefits are conferred by marriage, among
them access to family medical leave, Medicaid, and Veterans
Affairs medical services. Some of those benefits, however,
are in jeopardy for same-sex spouses in states that do not
recognize their union. The current situation — with
same-sex marriages, including those in families with
children, legally recognized in some states but not others
— makes no sense, and the harmful consequences for health
are well documented.
The Supreme Court should require the full recognition of
same-sex marriage throughout this country. If the Court
rules otherwise, whatever the legal logic, a clear
injustice will result. And that injustice would damage the
health and welfare of millions of Americans.


1. Bayer R. Homosexuality and American psychiatry: the
politics of diagnosis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1987.

2. Monette P. Becoming a man: half a life story. New York:
HarperCollins, 1992.

3. Gonzales G. Same-sex marriage -- a prescription for
better health. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1373-1376

--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 61.62.95.96
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/gay/M.1429976923.A.552.html
編輯：補上原文有引的文獻
※ 編輯: lacanis (61.62.95.96), 04/25/2015 23:53:28
推 DreamCT: 翻譯辛苦了，感謝！
推 Justee: 感謝資訊提供！
推 Mancer: 翻譯讚
推 qlwkejrhtg: 推
推 FERRE: 開心的消息
→ FERRE: 也謝謝辛苦的原po
推 coolbad: 謝謝你，辛苦了
推 atrack: 感謝原po
推 smalltommy: 用心～推
推 teemocogs:  推推
推 infamous: 哇NEJM！！！
推 jguitar2531: 好棒的消息！！！
推 yojhi: 推！
→ lacanis: 借轉謝謝
※ lacanis:轉錄至看板 bi-sexual                                    04/26 22:08
推 dt0801: 推翻譯得很順
推 vegearth: 這是醫學界很有名的期刊 IF=50以上～很高興他們寫這篇
補個介紹

新英格蘭醫學雜誌 (The New England Journal of Medicine, NEJM)，
是同儕審查的醫學期刊，自1812年開始每週出刊，每年刊載三百多篇
論文，是世界上數一數二有影響力的醫學期刊，它的2013年影響因子
 (impact factor) 是54.42。它可能也是現在國內大多數醫學研究
者最想投稿的期刊。

推 littleyawn: 借轉拉版謝謝！推翻譯，辛苦了！
※ littleyawn:轉錄至看板 lesbian                                   04/27 16:11
謝謝你 我害羞不敢自己貼拉板

推 monsterwai: 推推
※ 編輯: lacanis (140.109.48.62), 04/27/2015 17:36:29
推 mmlmm: 推!!!
推 vodka117: 推!! 熱心